自立活動をめぐる諸問題―肢体不自由児教育を中心に―

本稿では、自立活動をめぐる諸問題について、肢体不自由児教育における問題を中心に整理・検討した。はじめに、自立活動の母体である養護・訓練と関連づけながら、自立活動の目標及び内容の捉え方について論じた。次に、自立活動の指導場面で、どのように指導内容を選定し、指導課題を設定したらよいかについて論じた。さらに、自立活動での指導が、日常的な教育活動と密接な関連をもつようにするための条件を、「経験の再編」（佐伯、1997）といった側面から検討した。最後に、自立活動が個人の能力を向上させることに留まらず、子どもと周囲の人との関係性の向上を考慮した取り組みとして展開される必要があることが指摘された。

The present article considers problems relating to "jiritsu-katsudo" in special education for children with physical handicap. First, I briefly review problems with the purpose and the contents of "jititsu-katsudo". Second, what kind of contents and tasks were chosen in the intervention of "jiritsu-katsudo" was discussed. Finally, I introduce several viewpoints from the field of psychology and education that could provide helpful hints on "jiritsu-katsudo" was discussed. Finally, I introduce several viewpoints from the fiele of psychology and education that could provide helpful hints on "jiritsu-katsudo". I try to suggest "jiritsu-katsudo" for children with physical handicap should consider not only their physical performance levels, but also the interactive relations between the children and the persons who caring them. Included in the scope of that consideration should be the relationships among the people around the children.