The egg attachment system of an estuarine crab Sesarma haematocheir is formed on the maternal ovigerous hairs just after egg laying, and slips off these hairs just after hatching. The stripping is caused by an active factor that we call OHSS (ovigerous-hair stripping substance), which is released by the embryo upon hatching. OHSS was purified, and its active form had a molecular mass of 25·kDa. The cDNA of OHSS cloned from an embryonic cDNA library was 1759·bp long, encoding 492 amino acids in a single open reading frame (ORF). The C-terminal part of the predicted protein was composed of a trypsin-like serine protease domain, with homology to counterparts in other animals of 33–38%. The predicted protein (54.7·kDa) secreted as a zymogen may be cleaved post-translationally, separating the Cterminal from the N-terminal region. The OHSS gene was expressed in the embryo at least 2 weeks before hatching. Expression was also detected in the zoea larva 1 day after hatching and in the brain of the female. However, it was not detected in the muscle, hepatopancreas or ovigerous seta of the female. Ultrastructural analysis indicated that the material investing maternal ovigerous hair, i.e. the outermost layer (E1) of the egg case, is attached at the special sites (attachment sites) arranged at intervals of 130–160·nm on the hair. It is suggested that OHSS acts specifically at these sites, lysing the bond with the coat, thus disposing of the embryo attachment system. This enables the female to prepare the next clutch of embryos without ecdysis.
en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=GusevOleg en-aut-sei=Gusev en-aut-mei=Oleg kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=IkedaHideki en-aut-sei=Ikeda en-aut-mei=Hideki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkochiTetsushi en-aut-sei=Okochi en-aut-mei=Tetsushi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=LeeJae Min en-aut-sei=Lee en-aut-mei=Jae Min kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=HatakeyamaMasatsugu en-aut-sei=Hatakeyama en-aut-mei=Masatsugu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=KobayashiChiyoko en-aut-sei=Kobayashi en-aut-mei=Chiyoko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=AgataKiyokazu en-aut-sei=Agata en-aut-mei=Kiyokazu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamadaHidenori en-aut-sei=Yamada en-aut-mei=Hidenori kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=SaigusaMasayuki en-aut-sei=Saigusa en-aut-mei=Masayuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univeristy affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Owashi affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=RIKEN, Hyougo affil-num=7 en-affil= kn-affil=RIKEN, Hyougo affil-num=8 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univresity affil-num=9 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University en-keyword=crab kn-keyword=crab en-keyword=Sesarma (or Chiromantes) haematocheir kn-keyword=Sesarma (or Chiromantes) haematocheir en-keyword=ovigerous hair kn-keyword=ovigerous hair en-keyword=embryo attachment system kn-keyword=embryo attachment system en-keyword=investment coat kn-keyword=investment coat en-keyword=stripping kn-keyword=stripping en-keyword= ovigerous-hair stripping substance (OHSS) kn-keyword= ovigerous-hair stripping substance (OHSS) en-keyword= serine protease. kn-keyword= serine protease. END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=44 cd-vols= no-issue=8 article-no= start-page=887 end-page=893 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2004 dt-pub=200412 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Generation of active fragments from human zymogens in the bradykinin-generating cascade by extracellular proteases from Vibrio vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Vibrio vulnificus is an opportunistic human pathogen causing septicemia, and the infection is characterized by formation of the edematous skin lesions on limbs. This pathogenic species secretes a thermolysin-like metalloprotease as a virulence determinant. The metalloprotease was confirmed to activate human factor XII-plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade that results in liberation of bradykinin, a chemical mediator enhancing the vascular permeability, from high-molecular weight kininogen. Namely, the metalloprotease showed to generate active fragments by cleavage of Arg-Ile, Arg-Val or Gly-Leu peptide bond in human zymogens (plasma prekallikrein and factor XII). In spite of induction of the sufficient vascular permeability-enhancing and edema-forming reaction in the guinea pig model, a serine protease from V. parahaemolyticus, a human pathogen causing primarily watery diarrhea, showed far less ability to activate and to cleave the human zymogens. These results in part may explain why only V. vulnificus often causes serious edematous skin damages in humans.
en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MiyoshiShin-ichi en-aut-sei=Miyoshi en-aut-mei=Shin-ichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=WatanabeHirofumi en-aut-sei=Watanabe en-aut-mei=Hirofumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KawaseTomoka en-aut-sei=Kawase en-aut-mei=Tomoka kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamadaHidenori en-aut-sei=Yamada en-aut-mei=Hidenori kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShinodaSumio en-aut-sei=Shinoda en-aut-mei=Sumio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University en-keyword=vibrio vulnificus kn-keyword=vibrio vulnificus en-keyword=vibrio parahaemolyticus kn-keyword=vibrio parahaemolyticus en-keyword=protease kn-keyword=protease en-keyword=factor XII kn-keyword=factor XII en-keyword=plasma prekallikrein kn-keyword=plasma prekallikrein END