start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=68 cd-vols= no-issue=6 article-no= start-page=641 end-page=650 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2024 dt-pub=20241108 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Relationships among eye dimensions in magnetic resonance images by sex, age, and strabismus type in Japanese patients with acquired strabismus and high myopia en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Purpose To investigate the relationships among eye dimensions in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans by sex, age, and strabismus type in Japanese patients with acquired strabismus and high myopia.
Study design Retrospective clinical case series.
Methods We included 58 eyes of 29 patients with acquired strabismus and high myopia (mean age ± standard deviation: 60.2 ± 14.7 years, axial length [AL]: 28.69 ± 2.12 mm). For all eyes, the equatorial diameter of the globe/AL ratio (EAR) and the globe/orbit volume ratio (GOR) were measured using MRI. EAR and GOR values were compared between the following groups: 9 men vs. 20 women; 8 younger (< 56 years) vs. 21 older (? 56 years) patients; and non-esotropia strabismus (NES: 7 patients) vs. esotropia (ET: 13 patients) vs. restrictive strabismus (RS: 9 patients) groups.
Results Female patients had a smaller EAR (0.87 ± 0.07) and larger GOR (0.38 ± 0.04) than male patients (0.92 ± 0.05 and 0.35 ± 0.03, both P < 0.01). Older patients had a smaller EAR (0.87 ± 0.07) than younger ones (0.93 ± 0.04, P < 0.01), without significant differences in GOR. EAR (NES: 0.92 ± 0.06, ET: 0.86 ± 0.06, RS: 0.89 ± 0.09) significantly differed among the three strabismus groups (P = 0.02: post-hoc test: NES vs. ET, P = 0.02; NES vs. RS, P = 0.49; RS vs. ET, P = 0.67), but no significant differences in GOR were found (P = 0.12).
Conclusions Among patients with acquired strabismus and high myopia, women, older patients, and those with esotropia exhibit a smaller EAR and longer sphere shape with AL as the major axis. The parameter EAR might be useful for evaluating the pathogenesis of strabismus associated with high myopia. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KonoReika en-aut-sei=Kono en-aut-mei=Reika kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=HamasakiIchiro en-aut-sei=Hamasaki en-aut-mei=Ichiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KishimotoFumiko en-aut-sei=Kishimoto en-aut-mei=Fumiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShimizuTakehiro en-aut-sei=Shimizu en-aut-mei=Takehiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=KindoHiroya en-aut-sei=Kindo en-aut-mei=Hiroya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShibataKiyo en-aut-sei=Shibata en-aut-mei=Kiyo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=MorisawaShin en-aut-sei=Morisawa en-aut-mei=Shin kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=MorizaneYuki en-aut-sei=Morizane en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Division of Ophthalmology, Ibara City Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Division of Ophthalmology, Okayama City Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= en-keyword=High myopia kn-keyword=High myopia en-keyword=Strabismus kn-keyword=Strabismus en-keyword=Eye dimensions kn-keyword=Eye dimensions en-keyword=Magnetic resonance imaging kn-keyword=Magnetic resonance imaging en-keyword=Esotropia kn-keyword=Esotropia END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=68 cd-vols= no-issue=6 article-no= start-page=603 end-page=613 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2024 dt-pub=20241028 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Epiretinal membrane: an overview and update en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Epiretinal membrane (ERM) is a frequently diagnosed macular disease associated with aging, characterized by a fibrous membrane forming on the internal limiting membrane (ILM) and leading to visual dysfunctions such as metamorphopsia. Various hypotheses regarding the pathology of metamorphopsia have been proposed; however, the complete pathophysiologic mechanism underlying ERM remains unclear. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides detailed images enabling precise diagnosis and characterization of ERM, with several recent studies using the latest OCT imaging techniques. Surgical removal of ERM is the only treatment option; however, criteria for surgical intervention are not established, complicating the decision-making processes. Furthermore, the debate on whether simultaneous peeling of the ILM during ERM surgery enhances outcomes or poses unnecessary risks is ongoing, with no definite conclusion having yet been reached. This review also focuses on epiretinal proliferation, which is different from ERM and is characteristic of lamellar macular hole (LMH). Recently, diagnostic criteria for LMH and related diseases were proposed. Reports on effective surgical procedures for LMH exist, although more research is needed to confirm the long-term outcomes. Thus, this review article aims to provide an overview and updated knowledge of ERM, LMH, and related diseases. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatobaRyo en-aut-sei=Matoba en-aut-mei=Ryo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MorizaneYuki en-aut-sei=Morizane en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=En face imaging kn-keyword=En face imaging en-keyword=Epiretinal membrane kn-keyword=Epiretinal membrane en-keyword=Epiretinal proliferation kn-keyword=Epiretinal proliferation en-keyword=Internal limiting membrane kn-keyword=Internal limiting membrane en-keyword=Lamellar macular hole kn-keyword=Lamellar macular hole END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=44 cd-vols= no-issue=11 article-no= start-page=1992 end-page=2000 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2024 dt-pub=202411 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=INVESTIGATION OF THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF EPIRETINAL MEMBRANE FOVEOSCHISIS: Analysis of Longitudinal Changes in Visual Functions, Retinal Structures, and Retinal Traction Force en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Purpose: To analyze the pathophysiology of epiretinal membrane foveoschisis (FS) by evaluating the longitudinal changes in visual function and several optical coherence tomography parameters.
Methods: The medical records of 33 consecutive patients (35 eyes) with untreated epiretinal membrane foveoschisis were retrospectively reviewed. Best-corrected visual acuity, M-CHARTS score, and optical coherence tomography parameters including epiretinal membrane area, maximum depth of retinal folds, FS area, and FS circularity were evaluated.
Results: A wide range of FS area changes was observed at the final follow-up visit (59.68%?240.45% of the baseline FS area). In the FS enlargement group, best-corrected visual acuity and mean M-CHARTS scores significantly worsened and maximum depth of retinal folds significantly increased over time, whereas in the FS non-enlargement group, no significant change was observed in the best-corrected visual acuity, mean M-CHARTS scores, or maximum depth of retinal folds during the follow-up period. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that maximum depth of retinal folds (odds ratio: 1.05, 95% confidence interval: 1.00?1.10, P = 0.048) and FS circularity (odds ratio: 0.91, 95% confidence interval: 0.83?1.00, P = 0.043) were significantly associated with FS enlargement.
Conclusion: Epiretinal membrane foveoschisis encompasses diverse pathophysiologies. Since visual functions do not worsen in some cases, monitoring the changes in visual functions and retinal morphology over time is recommended to determine surgical indications. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatobaRyo en-aut-sei=Matoba en-aut-mei=Ryo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KanzakiYuki en-aut-sei=Kanzaki en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MoritaTetsuro en-aut-sei=Morita en-aut-mei=Tetsuro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=MasudaYuki en-aut-sei=Masuda en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=KimuraShuhei en-aut-sei=Kimura en-aut-mei=Shuhei kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=HosokawaMio M. en-aut-sei=Hosokawa en-aut-mei=Mio M. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShiodeYusuke en-aut-sei=Shiode en-aut-mei=Yusuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=MorizaneYuki en-aut-sei=Morizane en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=en-face imaging kn-keyword=en-face imaging en-keyword=epiretinal membrane kn-keyword=epiretinal membrane en-keyword=epiretinal membrane foveoschisis kn-keyword=epiretinal membrane foveoschisis en-keyword=foveoschisis kn-keyword=foveoschisis en-keyword=lamellar macular hole kn-keyword=lamellar macular hole en-keyword=metamorphopsia kn-keyword=metamorphopsia en-keyword=optical coherence tomography kn-keyword=optical coherence tomography en-keyword=retinal fold kn-keyword=retinal fold en-keyword=retinal traction kn-keyword=retinal traction END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=44 cd-vols= no-issue=10 article-no= start-page=1785 end-page=1792 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2024 dt-pub=202410 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=MIXED PATHOPHYSIOLOGIES OF LAMELLAR MACULAR HOLES AND RELATED DISEASES: A Multimodal Optical Coherence Tomography?Based Study en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Purpose: To investigate the characteristics of mixed pathophysiologies in lamellar macular holes (LMHs) and related diseases using multimodal optical coherence tomography.
Methods: Overall, 126 eyes diagnosed with LMH, epiretinal membrane foveoschisis, or macular pseudohole using the horizontal B-scan image according to the definition proposed by Hubschman et al in 2020 were analyzed using multimodal optical coherence tomography imaging including horizontal and vertical 5-line B-scan, radial scan, and macular three-dimensional volume scan images. If at least two diagnostic criteria for LMH, epiretinal membrane foveoschisis, or macular pseudohole were satisfied in these scans, the patient was diagnosed as having a “mixed type.” Retinal traction force was quantitatively evaluated by measuring the maximum depth of the retinal folds using en-face images.
Results: Mixed types constituted 34.1% of the cases. The LMH-related mixed group demonstrated intermediate characteristics between the epiretinal membrane foveoschisis/macular pseudohole and true LMH groups in terms of retinal traction and LMH-specific features and had a significant positive correlation between the maximum depth of the retinal folds and mean M-CHARTS scores (P = 0.034).
Conclusion: A thorough optical coherence tomography analysis is necessary to accurately diagnose LMH and related diseases. A significant positive correlation was observed between the maximum depth of the retinal folds and the degree of metamorphopsia in the LMH-related mixed group. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatobaRyo en-aut-sei=Matoba en-aut-mei=Ryo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KanzakiYuki en-aut-sei=Kanzaki en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MoritaTetsuro en-aut-sei=Morita en-aut-mei=Tetsuro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=MasudaYuki en-aut-sei=Masuda en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=KimuraShuhei en-aut-sei=Kimura en-aut-mei=Shuhei kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=HosokawaMio M. en-aut-sei=Hosokawa en-aut-mei=Mio M. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShiodeYusuke en-aut-sei=Shiode en-aut-mei=Yusuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=MorizaneYuki en-aut-sei=Morizane en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=en-face imaging kn-keyword=en-face imaging en-keyword=epiretinal membrane kn-keyword=epiretinal membrane en-keyword=epiretinal membrane foveoschisis kn-keyword=epiretinal membrane foveoschisis en-keyword=lamellar macular hole kn-keyword=lamellar macular hole en-keyword=metamorphopsia kn-keyword=metamorphopsia en-keyword=mixed type kn-keyword=mixed type en-keyword=optical coherence tomography kn-keyword=optical coherence tomography en-keyword=retinal fold kn-keyword=retinal fold en-keyword=retinal traction kn-keyword=retinal traction END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=78 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=295 end-page=300 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2024 dt-pub=202406 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Calcification of a Hydrophilic Acrylic Intraocular Lens after Glaucoma Surgery en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=A Japanese woman in her 70s was referred to our hospital for the evaluation and treatment of high intraocular pressure (IOP) in her right eye. She had undergone bilateral cataract surgeries and the insertion of hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs). We performed trabeculotomy and trabeculectomy to lower her right IOP; thereafter, a circular opacity was observed on the right eye’s IOL surface. We removed the right IOL because that eye’s vision had decreased due to IOL opacification. The analysis of the removed IOL revealed that the main opacity component was calcium phosphate. This is the first post-glaucoma-surgery IOL calcification case report. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OkamotoSara en-aut-sei=Okamoto en-aut-mei=Sara kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShiodeYusuke en-aut-sei=Shiode en-aut-mei=Yusuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KimuraShuhei en-aut-sei=Kimura en-aut-mei=Shuhei kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=HosokawaMio en-aut-sei=Hosokawa en-aut-mei=Mio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatobaRyo en-aut-sei=Matoba en-aut-mei=Ryo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=KanzakiYuki en-aut-sei=Kanzaki en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=KindoHiroya en-aut-sei=Kindo en-aut-mei=Hiroya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=MoritaTetsuro en-aut-sei=Morita en-aut-mei=Tetsuro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=TsujiAkihiro en-aut-sei=Tsuji en-aut-mei=Akihiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakahashiKosuke en-aut-sei=Takahashi en-aut-mei=Kosuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=MorizaneYuki en-aut-sei=Morizane en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Fukuyama City Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Fukuyama City Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=11 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= en-keyword=intraocular lens kn-keyword=intraocular lens en-keyword=IOL kn-keyword=IOL en-keyword=IOL calcification kn-keyword=IOL calcification en-keyword=hydrophilic acrylic IOL kn-keyword=hydrophilic acrylic IOL en-keyword=glaucoma surgery kn-keyword=glaucoma surgery END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=19 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=e0297347 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2024 dt-pub=20240208 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Japan-epiretinal membrane (J-ERM) registry: A prospective cohort study protocol investigating the surgical outcome of epiretinal membrane en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Background
Epiretinal membrane (ERM) causes visual impairment such as reduction in visual acuity and metamorphopsia due to retinal traction. With the improvement of optical coherence tomography (OCT) and microincision vitrectomy surgery (MIVS), the surgery of ERM has significantly advanced. However, there have been no large-scale studies on the following: (1) how to evaluate visual impairment in ERM, (2) the relationship between OCT findings and visual function, (3) when is the optimal timing of surgery, and (4) the relationship between the surgical instruments as well as techniques and prognosis. The purpose of this study was to obtain evidence regarding these ERM surgeries.
Methods and design
This is a prospective, multicenter cohort study of ERM surgery in Japan from March 1, 2023, to March 31, 2027 (UMIN000048472, R-3468-2). Patients who underwent ERM surgery during the study period and agreed to participate in this study will be included. The goal is to have a total of 5,000 eyes surgically treated for ERM. The following data will be collected: age, gender, medical history, subjective symptoms, visual function before and 6 and 12 months after surgery, clinical findings, OCT data, surgical technique, instruments used in surgery, and complications.
Discussion
The results of this study will support the surgical decisions and procedures in ERM practices. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KanzakiYuki en-aut-sei=Kanzaki en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatobaRyo en-aut-sei=Matoba en-aut-mei=Ryo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=IshiharaKenji en-aut-sei=Ishihara en-aut-mei=Kenji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=MoritaTetsuro en-aut-sei=Morita en-aut-mei=Tetsuro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=MuraokaYuki en-aut-sei=Muraoka en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=KimuraShuhei en-aut-sei=Kimura en-aut-mei=Shuhei kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=KotoTakashi en-aut-sei=Koto en-aut-mei=Takashi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=KawasakiRyo en-aut-sei=Kawasaki en-aut-mei=Ryo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=BabaTakayuki en-aut-sei=Baba en-aut-mei=Takayuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkamotoFumiki en-aut-sei=Okamoto en-aut-mei=Fumiki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=InoueMakoto en-aut-sei=Inoue en-aut-mei=Makoto kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name=SakamotoTaiji en-aut-sei=Sakamoto en-aut-mei=Taiji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= en-aut-name=TsujikawaAkitaka en-aut-sei=Tsujikawa en-aut-mei=Akitaka kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=13 ORCID= en-aut-name=MorizaneYuki en-aut-sei=Morizane en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=14 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Kyorin Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Kyorin University School of Medicine kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Division of Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School kn-affil= affil-num=11 en-affil=Kyorin Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Kyorin University School of Medicine kn-affil= affil-num=12 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=13 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine kn-affil= affil-num=14 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=3 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=100312 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2023 dt-pub=202309 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Epiretinal Membrane Impairs the Inner Retinal Layer in a Traction Force-Dependent Manner en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Purpose: To investigate the relationship between retinal traction force and impairment of the inner retinal layer in patients with epiretinal membrane (ERM).
Design: Nonrandomized, retrospective consecutive case series.
Participants: Two hundred nine eyes of 201 patients with idiopathic ERM who underwent vitrectomy for idiopathic ERM were enrolled.
Methods: Retinal folds caused by ERM were visualized using en face OCT, and the maximum depth of retinal folds within the parafovea (MDRF) was measured. Focal macular electroretinogram (ERG) was used to measure the amplitude and implicit time of each component for the ERM eyes and the normal fellow eyes. B-scan OCT images were used to measure the thicknesses of the inner nuclear layer (INL) and outer nuclear layer (ONL) + outer plexiform layer (OPL). Expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in surgically removed ERM specimens was quantified by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction.
Main Outcome Measures: We analyzed the relationship between MDRF and the relative amplitudes of focal macular ERG (affected eye/fellow eye), the relationships between MDRF and the mean INL thickness and ONL+OPL thickness, comparison of INL thickness and ONL+OPL thickness for each area when cases were classified according to MDRF localization in the ETDRS chart, and the relationship between MDRF and the relative expression of α-SMA in the ERM specimens.
Results: The MDRF significantly correlated with the relative amplitudes (affected eye/fellow eye) of b-waves and oscillatory potentials (r = ?0.657, P = 0.015; r = ?0.569, P = 0.042, respectively) and the mean INL thickness and ONL+OPL thickness (r = 0.604, P < 0.001; r = 0.210, P = 0.007, respectively). However, only the INL thickness progression rate was significantly correlated with the MDRF progression rate (r = 0.770, P < 0.001). On case stratification by localization of MDRF based on the ETDRS chart, in regions other than temporal regions, the INL thickness was significantly greater in regions with MDRF than in other regions. The MDRF significantly correlated with α-SMA expression in the ERM specimens (r = 0.555, P = 0.009).
Conclusions: The findings suggest that ERM impairs the inner retinal layer in a traction force-dependent manner.
Financial Disclosure(s): The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KanzakiYuki en-aut-sei=Kanzaki en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatobaRyo en-aut-sei=Matoba en-aut-mei=Ryo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KimuraShuhei en-aut-sei=Kimura en-aut-mei=Shuhei kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=HosokawaMio M. en-aut-sei=Hosokawa en-aut-mei=Mio M. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShiodeYusuke en-aut-sei=Shiode en-aut-mei=Yusuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=DoiShinichiro en-aut-sei=Doi en-aut-mei=Shinichiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=MoritaTetsuro en-aut-sei=Morita en-aut-mei=Tetsuro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=KanzakiSayumi en-aut-sei=Kanzaki en-aut-mei=Sayumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakasuIppei en-aut-sei=Takasu en-aut-mei=Ippei kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=TanikawaAtsuhiro en-aut-sei=Tanikawa en-aut-mei=Atsuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=MorizaneYuki en-aut-sei=Morizane en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Takasu Eye Clinic kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Fujita Health University Bantane Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=11 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Epiretinal membrane kn-keyword=Epiretinal membrane en-keyword=En face OCT kn-keyword=En face OCT en-keyword=Retinal traction force kn-keyword=Retinal traction force en-keyword=Inner nuclear layer kn-keyword=Inner nuclear layer en-keyword=Focal macular electroretinogram kn-keyword=Focal macular electroretinogram END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=3 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=100305 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2023 dt-pub=202309 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Quantitative Analyses of Retinal Traction Force and Metamorphopsia in Lamellar Macular Hole and Related Diseases en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Purpose: To investigate the involvement of retinal traction in the pathogenesis of lamellar macular hole (LMH) and related diseases based on OCT?based consensus definition.
Design: Retrospective, observational study.
Participants: Seventy-two eyes with LMH, epiretinal membrane foveoschisis (ERM-FS), or macular pseudohole (MPH).
Methods: To quantitatively evaluate the involvement and strength of retinal traction in their pathogenesis, retinal folds were visualized with en face OCT imaging, and the maximum depth of the parafoveal retinal folds (MDRF) was measured. Metamorphopsia was quantified by measuring the minimum visual angle of dotted lines needed to cause it to disappear using M-CHARTS (Inami).
Main Outcome Measures: Maximum depth of retinal folds and M-CHARTS scores.
Results: Of the 72 eyes, 26 were classified as having LMH, 25 as having ERM-FS, and 21 as having MPH. Parafoveal retinal folds were observed in 7 (26.9%) eyes with LMH, 25 (100%) with ERM-FS, and 21 (100%) with MPH. The MDRF (7.5?±?17.6 μm) was significantly smaller in LMH than in ERM-FS (86.3?±?31.4 μm) and MPH (74.5?±?24.6 μm) (both P? Conclusions: Retinal traction was significantly weaker in the LMH group than in the ERM-FS and MPH groups. The MDRF was significantly associated with the degree of metamorphopsia in the ERM-FS and MPH groups. These results provide insights into the diseases’ pathophysiology and treatment strategy.
Financial Disclosure(s): The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MinoMai en-aut-sei=Mino en-aut-mei=Mai kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatobaRyo en-aut-sei=Matoba en-aut-mei=Ryo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KanzakiYuki en-aut-sei=Kanzaki en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=KimuraShuhei en-aut-sei=Kimura en-aut-mei=Shuhei kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=HosokawaMio M. en-aut-sei=Hosokawa en-aut-mei=Mio M. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShiodeYusuke en-aut-sei=Shiode en-aut-mei=Yusuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=MoritaTetsuro en-aut-sei=Morita en-aut-mei=Tetsuro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=MorizaneYuki en-aut-sei=Morizane en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Epiretinal membrane foveoschisis kn-keyword=Epiretinal membrane foveoschisis en-keyword=Lamellar macular hole kn-keyword=Lamellar macular hole en-keyword=Macular pseudohole kn-keyword=Macular pseudohole en-keyword=Metamorphopsia kn-keyword=Metamorphopsia en-keyword=Optical coherence tomography kn-keyword=Optical coherence tomography END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=67 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=346 end-page=352 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2023 dt-pub=20230417 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=A nationwide survey of newly certified visually impaired individuals in Japan for the fiscal year 2019: impact of the revision of criteria for visual impairment certification en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Purpose　To determine the status of visual impairment certification in Japan in the fiscal year 2019 and the impact of revising the criteria for visual impairment certification implemented in 2018.
Study Design　Observational cross-sectional study.
Methods　We requested welfare offices throughout Japan to submit data of age, sex, causative diseases, and visual impairment grades for newly certified visually impaired individuals aged???18 years during the fiscal year 2019. The certification was based on criteria of the Act on Welfare of Physically Disabled Persons.
Results　Altogether, data were collected for 16,504 newly certified visually impaired individuals. The most common age group was 80?89 years (29.6%), followed by 70?79 (28.2%) and 60?69 (15.3%) years. The most common causative disease was glaucoma (40.7%), followed by retinitis pigmentosa (13.0%), diabetic retinopathy (10.2%), and macular degeneration (9.1%). The most common impairment grade was grade 2 (40.8%), followed by 5 (21.2%) and 1 (17.0%). Compared to the fiscal year 2015, there was a considerable increase in the number of individuals certified with glaucoma in the fiscal year 2019. Moreover, there was a significant increase in the number of individuals with certified grades 1 and 2 visual impairment, with a decrease in the number of individuals with certified grade 6 visual impairment.
Conclusion　The changes revealed in this study were primarily due to the revised certification criteria implemented in July 2018, indicating that it is important to review the certification criteria and to repeat surveys similar to the present study. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatobaRyo en-aut-sei=Matoba en-aut-mei=Ryo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MorimotoNoriko en-aut-sei=Morimoto en-aut-mei=Noriko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KawasakiRyo en-aut-sei=Kawasaki en-aut-mei=Ryo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=FujiwaraMiyuki en-aut-sei=Fujiwara en-aut-mei=Miyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=KanenagaKeisuke en-aut-sei=Kanenaga en-aut-mei=Keisuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamashitaHidetoshi en-aut-sei=Yamashita en-aut-mei=Hidetoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=SakamotoTaiji en-aut-sei=Sakamoto en-aut-mei=Taiji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=MorizaneYuki en-aut-sei=Morizane en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Vision Informatics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Yamagata City Institute of Public Health kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= en-keyword=Visual impairment kn-keyword=Visual impairment en-keyword=Japan kn-keyword=Japan en-keyword=Certification criteria kn-keyword=Certification criteria en-keyword=Survey kn-keyword=Survey en-keyword=Glaucoma kn-keyword=Glaucoma END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=259 cd-vols= no-issue=9 article-no= start-page=2503 end-page=2512 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2021 dt-pub=20210312 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Assessment of epiretinal membrane formation using en face optical coherence tomography after rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Purpose　To investigate epiretinal membrane (ERM) formation using en face optical coherence tomography (OCT) after vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).
Methods　We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 64 consecutive eyes (64 patients) with RRD treated by vitrectomy without ERM and internal limiting membrane peeling. ERMs and retinal folds were detected by B-scan and en face imaging. The maximum depth of retinal folds (MDRF) was quantified using en face imaging. ERM severity was staged using B-scan imaging. Main outcome measures were ERM detection rate with B-scan and en face imaging, MDRF, ERM staging, postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA; logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution), and risk factors for ERM formation.
Results　The detection rate for ERM formation was significantly higher with en face imaging (70.3%) than with B-scan imaging (46.9%; P = 0.007). There was no significant difference in postoperative BCVA between eyes with ERM formation (0.06 ± 0.26) and those without ERM formation (0.01 ± 0.14; P = 0.298). Forty of 45 (88.9%) eyes with ERM formation were classified as stage 1. Twenty-seven of 45 (60.0%) eyes with ERM formation developed parafoveal retinal folds. The mean MDRF was 27.4 ± 32.2 μm. Multiple retinal breaks and a maximum retinal break size of ? 2 disc diameters were significantly associated with ERM formation (P = 0.033 and P = 0.031, respectively).
Conclusion　Although ERM formation was observed in 70.3% patients after RRD repair, the formed ERM was not severe and had minimal impact on the postoperative visual acuity. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatobaRyo en-aut-sei=Matoba en-aut-mei=Ryo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KanzakiYuki en-aut-sei=Kanzaki en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=DoiShinichiro en-aut-sei=Doi en-aut-mei=Shinichiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=KanzakiSayumi en-aut-sei=Kanzaki en-aut-mei=Sayumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=KimuraShuhei en-aut-sei=Kimura en-aut-mei=Shuhei kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=HosokawaMio Morizane en-aut-sei=Hosokawa en-aut-mei=Mio Morizane kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShiodeYusuke en-aut-sei=Shiode en-aut-mei=Yusuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakahashiKosuke en-aut-sei=Takahashi en-aut-mei=Kosuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=MorizaneYuki en-aut-sei=Morizane en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= en-keyword=Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment kn-keyword=Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment en-keyword=Epiretinal membrane kn-keyword=Epiretinal membrane en-keyword=Vitrectomy kn-keyword=Vitrectomy en-keyword=Internal limiting membrane kn-keyword=Internal limiting membrane en-keyword=En face optical coherence tomography kn-keyword=En face optical coherence tomography en-keyword=Retinal folds kn-keyword=Retinal folds END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=262 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=469 end-page=476 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2023 dt-pub=20231021 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Evaluation of epiretinal membrane formation after scleral buckling for treating rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: En face optical coherence tomography image-based study en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Purpose　To assess epiretinal membrane (ERM) formation, severity, and the associated risk factors after scleral buckling using en face optical coherence tomography (OCT) images.
Methods　Medical records of 61 consecutive patients (66 eyes) with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment who underwent scleral buckling were retrospectively reviewed. Posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) was determined based on B-scan OCT images. En face OCT images were used to visualize the ERM and retinal folds. ERM formation was identified by comparing en face images pre- and post-surgery. The maximum depth of the retinal folds (MDRF) was measured using en face imaging to objectively assess traction strength.
Results　ERM formation occurred in 15 (22.7%) eyes at the final visit; the foveal pit was preserved in all cases. Parafoveal retinal folds were present in 5 (7.6%) eyes, with a mean MDRF of 21.8?±?12.6 ?m. No significant difference was observed in best-corrected visual acuity (logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution) between the ERM formation (-0.019?±?0.128) and non-ERM formation (-0.001?±?0.213) groups at the final visit (P?=?0.593; Mann-Whitney U test). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that older age and the presence of PVD were significant risk factors for ERM formation (odds ratio 1.07, 95% confidence interval 1.01?1.14, P?=?0.032; odds ratio 5.26, 95% confidence interval 1.06?26.10, P?=?0.042; respectively).
Conclusion　ERM occurred in 22.7% of cases but was mild and did not affect visual acuity. Older age and the presence of PVD are risk factors for ERM formation. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatobaRyo en-aut-sei=Matoba en-aut-mei=Ryo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KanzakiYuki en-aut-sei=Kanzaki en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MoritaTetsuro en-aut-sei=Morita en-aut-mei=Tetsuro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=KimuraShuhei en-aut-sei=Kimura en-aut-mei=Shuhei kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=HosokawaMio Morizane en-aut-sei=Hosokawa en-aut-mei=Mio Morizane kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShiodeYusuke en-aut-sei=Shiode en-aut-mei=Yusuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=MorizaneYuki en-aut-sei=Morizane en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Epiretinal membrane kn-keyword=Epiretinal membrane en-keyword=Scleral buckling kn-keyword=Scleral buckling en-keyword=Retinal detachment kn-keyword=Retinal detachment en-keyword=Optical coherence tomography kn-keyword=Optical coherence tomography en-keyword=En face imaging kn-keyword=En face imaging en-keyword=Posterior vitreous detachment kn-keyword=Posterior vitreous detachment END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=77 cd-vols= no-issue=4 article-no= start-page=433 end-page=437 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2023 dt-pub=202308 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=A Case of Acute Zonal Occult Outer Retinopathy in which Oct en Face Imaging Was Useful for Diagnosis and Follow-up en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=A 23-year-old woman presented with a 1-month history of visual abnormalities in her right eye. A visual field test revealed temporal abnormalities in the right eye. Optical coherence tomography revealed an indistinct ellipsoid zone (EZ) on the B-scan image and hyporeflective areas in the EZ layer on the en face image in the right eye. We diagnosed the patient with acute zonal occult outer retinopathy. Visual field tests and B-scan images improved to almost normal at 6 months, but hyporeflective areas remained on the en face images. Thus, en face images may be more sensitive at detecting abnormalities in the outer retina than other modalities. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OnoRyuki en-aut-sei=Ono en-aut-mei=Ryuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShiodeYusuke en-aut-sei=Shiode en-aut-mei=Yusuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KimuraShuhei en-aut-sei=Kimura en-aut-mei=Shuhei kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=HosokawaMio en-aut-sei=Hosokawa en-aut-mei=Mio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatobaRyo en-aut-sei=Matoba en-aut-mei=Ryo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=KanzakiYuki en-aut-sei=Kanzaki en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=KindoHiroya en-aut-sei=Kindo en-aut-mei=Hiroya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=MoritaTetsuro en-aut-sei=Morita en-aut-mei=Tetsuro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=MorizaneYuki en-aut-sei=Morizane en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= en-keyword=acute zonal occult outer retinopathy kn-keyword=acute zonal occult outer retinopathy en-keyword=optical coherence tomography kn-keyword=optical coherence tomography en-keyword=en face image kn-keyword=en face image en-keyword=ellipsoid zone kn-keyword=ellipsoid zone END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=67 cd-vols= no-issue=6 article-no= start-page=645 end-page=651 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2023 dt-pub=20230810 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Accuracy of ultrasound vs. Fourier-domain optic biometry for measuring preoperative axial length in cases of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Purpose To identify a method for accurately measuring preoperative axial length (AL) in cases of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).
Study design Retrospective study.
Methods This retrospective study included 83 eyes of 83 patients who underwent vitrectomy for RRD and had both preoperative and postoperative data for AL. Preoperative AL measurements for the affected eye were obtained using ultrasound (aUS-AL) and compared with those for affected and fellow eyes measured using optical biometry (aOB-AL and fOB-AL, respectively). Absolute differences between preoperative aUS-AL, aOB-AL, or fOB-AL measurements and postoperative AL (aPost-AL) were examined.
Results In the 41 eyes without macular detachment, the absolute difference between aOB-AL and aPost-AL (0.06±0.07 mm) was significantly smaller than between aUS-AL and aPost-AL (0.21±0.18 mm) and that between fOB-AL and aPost-AL (0.29±0.35 mm) (P = 0.017 and P < 0.001, respectively). In the 42 eyes with macular detachment, the absolute difference between aOB-AL and aPost-AL (1.22±2.40 mm) was significantly larger than between aUS-AL and aPost-AL (0.24±0.24 mm) and between fOB-AL and aPost-AL (0.35±0.49 mm) (P = 0.006, P = 0.016, respectively).
Conclusion The current findings suggest that aOB-AL is more accurate than aUS-AL or fOB-AL in cases of RRD without macular detachment, while aUS-AL or fOB-AL is more accurate than aOB-AL in cases with macular detachment. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KimuraShuhei en-aut-sei=Kimura en-aut-mei=Shuhei kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=HosokawaMio Morizane en-aut-sei=Hosokawa en-aut-mei=Mio Morizane kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShiodeYusuke en-aut-sei=Shiode en-aut-mei=Yusuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatobaRyo en-aut-sei=Matoba en-aut-mei=Ryo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=KanzakiYuki en-aut-sei=Kanzaki en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=GotoYasuhito en-aut-sei=Goto en-aut-mei=Yasuhito kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=KanenagaKeisuke en-aut-sei=Kanenaga en-aut-mei=Keisuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=SuzukiEtsuji en-aut-sei=Suzuki en-aut-mei=Etsuji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=MorizaneYuki en-aut-sei=Morizane en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Axial length kn-keyword=Axial length en-keyword=Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment kn-keyword=Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment en-keyword=Macular detachment kn-keyword=Macular detachment en-keyword=Fourier-domain optic biometry kn-keyword=Fourier-domain optic biometry en-keyword=Ultrasound kn-keyword=Ultrasound END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=42 cd-vols= no-issue=4 article-no= start-page=704 end-page=711 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=20220401 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Objective and quantitative estimation of the optimal timing for epiretinal membrane surgery on the basis of metamorphopsia en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Purpose: To establish an objective and quantitative biomarker of metamorphopsia in epiretinal membranes (ERMs) and determine the optimal timing for ERM surgery.
Methods: Retrospectively, 172 eyes with ERM were reviewed. Retinal folds due to tangential traction by ERM were visualized by en face optical coherence tomography (OCT). The maximum depth of retinal folds (MDRF) within the parafovea was quantified. Metamorphopsia was quantified by M-CHARTS. The change in the distance between the retinal vessels after ERM surgery and the preoperative total depth of retinal folds between the vessels were quantified using en face OCT and OCT angiography.
Results: Significant correlations were observed between preoperative MDRF and M-CHARTS scores before and at 6 months after surgery (r=0.617 and 0.460, respectively; P<0.001) and change in the distance between the retinal vessels after ERM surgery and preoperative total depth of retinal folds between the vessels (r=0.471, P=0.013). The preoperative MDRF values at which M-CHARTS scores were 0.5 before and 6 months after surgery were 69 μm and 118 μm, respectively.
Conclusion: MDRF is an objective and quantitative biomarker of metamorphopsia in ERM. To maintain patients’ quality of vision, ERM surgery may be performed when the preoperative MDRF ranges between 69 and 118 μm. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KanzakiYuki en-aut-sei=Kanzaki en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=DoiShinichiro en-aut-sei=Doi en-aut-mei=Shinichiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatobaRyo en-aut-sei=Matoba en-aut-mei=Ryo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=KanzakiSayumi en-aut-sei=Kanzaki en-aut-mei=Sayumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=KimuraShuhei en-aut-sei=Kimura en-aut-mei=Shuhei kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=HosokawaMio M. en-aut-sei=Hosokawa en-aut-mei=Mio M. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShiodeYusuke en-aut-sei=Shiode en-aut-mei=Yusuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakasuIppei en-aut-sei=Takasu en-aut-mei=Ippei kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=MorizaneYuki en-aut-sei=Morizane en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Takasu Eye Clinic kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=en-face optical coherence tomography kn-keyword=en-face optical coherence tomography en-keyword=epiretinal membrane kn-keyword=epiretinal membrane en-keyword=maximum depth of the retinal folds kn-keyword=maximum depth of the retinal folds en-keyword=M-CHARTS kn-keyword=M-CHARTS en-keyword=metamorphopsia kn-keyword=metamorphopsia END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=133 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=113 end-page=115 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2021 dt-pub=20210802 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Artificial intelligence in ophthalmology kn-title=眼科学からみたAI 研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MorizaneYuki en-aut-sei=Morizane en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name=森實祐基 kn-aut-sei=森實 kn-aut-mei=祐基 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil=岡山大学学術研究院医歯薬学域　眼科学 en-keyword=眼科 kn-keyword=眼科 en-keyword=人工知能 kn-keyword=人工知能 en-keyword=AI kn-keyword=AI en-keyword=糖尿病網膜症 kn-keyword=糖尿病網膜症 en-keyword=加齢黄斑変性 kn-keyword=加齢黄斑変性 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=75 cd-vols= no-issue=4 article-no= start-page=447 end-page=453 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2021 dt-pub=202108 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Clinical Parameters Reflecting Globe/orbit Volume Imbalances in Japanese Acquired Esotropia Patients with High Myopia but without Abduction Limitations en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In high myopia, eye dislocation due to increased globe volume or tight orbital volume causes acquired esotro-pia. GOR (globe/orbit volume ratio), an indicator of the degree of progression of this pathology, was investi-gated the relationships among easily obtained clinical parameters. In this retrospective study, 20 eyes from 10 acquired esotropia patients with high myopia but without abduction limitations were examined. The mean age of the patients was 63.7 ± 8.2 years (mean ± standard deviation). Volumes were measured on the three-dimen-sional fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition magnetic resonance imaging images using the vol-ume-measurement function. Correlations between GOR and the displacement angle of the globe (DA), axial length (AL), and equatorial diameter (ED) were investigated. Mean DA, AL, ED, and GOR values were 107.5 ± 8.5°, 28.86 ± 1.92 mm, 25.00 ± 1.16 mm, and 0.36 ± 0.05, respectively. Only AL was correlated with GOR (p < 0.0001, R2 = 0.6649); DA (p = 0.30, R2 = 0.0633) and ED (p = 0.91, R2 = 0.0008) were not. AL was the only clinically available parameter to indicate globe/orbit volume imbalances in acquired esotropia with high myopia but without abduction limitation. AL may be important for the clinical assessment of the progression of this pathology. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KonoReika en-aut-sei=Kono en-aut-mei=Reika kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=HamasakiIchiro en-aut-sei=Hamasaki en-aut-mei=Ichiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KishimotoFumiko en-aut-sei=Kishimoto en-aut-mei=Fumiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=OhtuskiHiroshi en-aut-sei=Ohtuski en-aut-mei=Hiroshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShibataKiyo en-aut-sei=Shibata en-aut-mei=Kiyo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=MorizaneYuki en-aut-sei=Morizane en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShiragaFumio en-aut-sei=Shiraga en-aut-mei=Fumio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Division of Ophthalmology, Ibara City Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Division of Ophthalmology, Okayama Saiseikai General Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= en-keyword=acquired esotropia kn-keyword=acquired esotropia en-keyword=high myopia (high myopes) kn-keyword=high myopia (high myopes) en-keyword=globe volume kn-keyword=globe volume en-keyword=magnetic resonance imaging kn-keyword=magnetic resonance imaging en-keyword=limitation of abduction kn-keyword=limitation of abduction END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=75 cd-vols= no-issue=4 article-no= start-page=403 end-page=413 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2021 dt-pub=202108 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Surgical Treatment of Epiretinal Membrane en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Epiretinal membrane (ERM) is a common retinal disease characterized by cellular proliferation and metaplasia that lead to the formation of a pathological fibrocellular membrane immediately superjacent to the inner retinal surface. The vast majority of ERMs are considered idiopathic. However, ERM formation can result from various primary intraocular diseases, including retinal breaks and detachment, retinal vascular diseases, and vitreoretinal inflammatory conditions. Although ERMs are generally asymptomatic or cause mild metamorphopsia and/or a modest decrease in visual acuity, some can cause severe macular distortion and macular edema, resulting in significantly impaired function. Surgical removal of ERM is the only treatment, and improvements in vitrectomy systems have enabled less invasive treatment. However, there are currently no standardized criteria for ERM surgery, and the indications for surgery are determined from the patient’s subjective symptoms. Another problem with ERM surgery is that not all patients show satisfactory postoperative recovery of visual function. Thus, further research is needed to determine the criteria for ERM surgery and methods to improve the postoperative prognosis. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatobaRyo en-aut-sei=Matoba en-aut-mei=Ryo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MorizaneYuki en-aut-sei=Morizane en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= en-keyword=epiretinal membrane kn-keyword=epiretinal membrane en-keyword=vitrectomy kn-keyword=vitrectomy en-keyword=optical coherence tomography kn-keyword=optical coherence tomography en-keyword=internal limiting membrane kn-keyword=internal limiting membrane en-keyword=lamellar macular hole kn-keyword=lamellar macular hole END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=133 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=36 end-page=42 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2021 dt-pub=20210401 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Advances in vitrectomy for diabetic retinopathy kn-title=糖尿病網膜症に対する硝子体手術の進歩 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MorizaneYuki en-aut-sei=Morizane en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name=森實祐基 kn-aut-sei=森實 kn-aut-mei=祐基 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil=岡山大学大学院医歯薬学総合研究科　眼科学 en-keyword=糖尿病 kn-keyword=糖尿病 en-keyword=糖尿病網膜症 kn-keyword=糖尿病網膜症 en-keyword=糖尿病黄斑浮腫 kn-keyword=糖尿病黄斑浮腫 en-keyword=硝子体手術 kn-keyword=硝子体手術 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=11 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page= end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2021 dt-pub=20210407 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=En face image-based classification of diabetic macular edema using swept source optical coherence tomography en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=This retrospective study was performed to classify diabetic macular edema (DME) based on the localization and area of the fluid and to investigate the relationship of the classification with visual acuity (VA). The fluid was visualized using en face optical coherence tomography (OCT) images constructed using swept-source OCT. A total of 128 eyes with DME were included. The retina was segmented into: Segment 1, mainly comprising the inner nuclear layer and outer plexiform layer, including Henle's fiber layer; and Segment 2, mainly comprising the outer nuclear layer. DME was classified as: foveal cystoid space at Segment 1 and no fluid at Segment 2 (n=24), parafoveal cystoid space at Segment 1 and no fluid at Segment 2 (n=25), parafoveal cystoid space at Segment 1 and diffuse fluid at Segment 2 (n=16), diffuse fluid at both segments (n=37), and diffuse fluid at both segments with subretinal fluid (n=26). Eyes with diffuse fluid at Segment 2 showed significantly poorer VA, higher ellipsoid zone disruption rates, and greater central subfield thickness than did those without fluid at Segment 2 (P<0.001 for all). These results indicate the importance of the localization and area of the fluid for VA in DME. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=FujiwaraAtsushi en-aut-sei=Fujiwara en-aut-mei=Atsushi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KanzakiYuki en-aut-sei=Kanzaki en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KimuraShuhei en-aut-sei=Kimura en-aut-mei=Shuhei kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=HosokawaMio en-aut-sei=Hosokawa en-aut-mei=Mio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShiodeYusuke en-aut-sei=Shiode en-aut-mei=Yusuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=DoiShinichiro en-aut-sei=Doi en-aut-mei=Shinichiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakahashiKosuke en-aut-sei=Takahashi en-aut-mei=Kosuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatobaRyo en-aut-sei=Matoba en-aut-mei=Ryo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=MorizaneYuki en-aut-sei=Morizane en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=10 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=21497 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2020 dt-pub=20201209 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Effect of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment on preoperative and postoperative retinal sensitivities en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=This retrospective study investigated foveal and perifoveal retinal sensitivities using microperimetry before and after surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). Consecutive patients with RRD who underwent vitrectomy or scleral buckling were included. Comprehensive ophthalmological examinations, including microperimetry and swept-source optical coherence tomography, were performed before and 6 months after surgery. Pre- and postoperative retinal sensitivities at the fovea and 4 perifoveal measurement points farthest from the fixation point, both vertically and horizontally (superior, inferior, nasal, and temporal) were examined. A total of 34 foveal and 136 perifoveal measurement points in 34 eyes of 34 patients were evaluated. The postoperative retinal sensitivity was significantly higher than the preoperative value at foveal and perifoveal points with (P<0.001 for both) and without (fovea: P=0.005, perifovea: P<0.001) RRD. The postoperative retinal sensitivity was significantly lower at foveal (P<0.01) and perifoveal (P<0.001) points with preoperative RRD than at points without preoperative RRD; furthermore, it was significantly better at points with ellipsoid zone (Ez) continuity than at points with Ez discontinuity (fovea: P<0.01, perifovea: P<0.001). RRD deteriorates retinal sensitivity, regardless of its presence or absence at the measurement point before surgery. Postoperative Ez continuity is important for good postoperative retinal sensitivity. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NodaHiroshi en-aut-sei=Noda en-aut-mei=Hiroshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KimuraShuhei en-aut-sei=Kimura en-aut-mei=Shuhei kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=Hosokawa MorizaneMio en-aut-sei=Hosokawa Morizane en-aut-mei=Mio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShiodeYusuke en-aut-sei=Shiode en-aut-mei=Yusuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=DoiShinichiro en-aut-sei=Doi en-aut-mei=Shinichiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakahashiKosuke en-aut-sei=Takahashi en-aut-mei=Kosuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatobaRyo en-aut-sei=Matoba en-aut-mei=Ryo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=KanzakiYuki en-aut-sei=Kanzaki en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=FujiwaraAtsushi en-aut-sei=Fujiwara en-aut-mei=Atsushi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=MorizaneYuki en-aut-sei=Morizane en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=15 cd-vols= no-issue=12 article-no= start-page=e0243382 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2020 dt-pub=20201223 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Shape analysis of rectus extraocular muscles with age and axial length using anterior segment optical coherence tomography en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the shape of the extraocular muscles (EOMs) in normal subjects using the en-face images of anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). The EOM insertion and the direction of the muscle fibers were investigated.
Subjects and methods
A total of 97 healthy normal subjects (194 eyes) at Okayama University Hospital (age, 47.1±21.5 years; range, 8?79 years) participated in the study. A series of 256 tomographic images of the rectus EOMs were captured using the C-scan function of the AS-OCT (CASIA2, TOMEY Co., Japan), and the images were converted to en-face images in multi-TIFF format. The anterior chamber angle to EOM insertion distance (AID) and the angle of the muscle fibers from the insertion site (angle of muscles) were measured from the images. The correlations of AID and angle of muscles with age and axial length were investigated and evaluated.
Results
AID and angle of muscles were significantly correlated with age or axial length in some EOMs. The AIDs of medial rectus (MR) (P = 0.000) and superior rectus (SR) (P = 0.005) shortened with age. The AIDs of MR (P = 0.001) and inferior rectus (IR) (P = 0.035) elongated with axial length, whereas lateral rectus (LR) (P = 0.013) shortened. The angles of MR (P = 0.001) and LR (P = 0.000) were found to have a more downward direction toward the posterior in older subjects.
Conclusion
En-face images can be created by AS-OCT, and the shape of the EOMs in normal subjects using these image measurements was available. With the ability to assess the EOMs, AID and angle of muscles are expected give useful information for treating and diagnosing strabismus-related diseases. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=ShibataKiyo en-aut-sei=Shibata en-aut-mei=Kiyo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=FujiwaraAtsushi en-aut-sei=Fujiwara en-aut-mei=Atsushi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=HamasakiIchiro en-aut-sei=Hamasaki en-aut-mei=Ichiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShimizuTakehiro en-aut-sei=Shimizu en-aut-mei=Takehiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=KonoReika en-aut-sei=Kono en-aut-mei=Reika kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=KanenagaKeisuke en-aut-sei=Kanenaga en-aut-mei=Keisuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakazawaMasanori en-aut-sei=Nakazawa en-aut-mei=Masanori kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=MorizaneYuki en-aut-sei=Morizane en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Orthoptics, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=20 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=427 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2020 dt-pub=20201023 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Release and extraction of retained subfoveal perfluorocarbon liquid facilitated by subretinal BSS, vibration, and gravity: a case report en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Background
Perfluorocarbon liquid (PFCL) is an effective surgical adjuvant in performing vitrectomy for severe vitreoretinal pathologies such as proliferative vitreoretinopathy and giant retinal tears. However, subretinal retention of PFCL can occur postoperatively and retained PFCL causes severe visual disorders, particularly when PFCL was retained under the fovea. Although several procedures have been proposed for subfoveal PFCL removal, such as direct aspiration or submacular injection of balanced salt solution (BSS) to dislodge the subfoveal PFCL, the retinal damage associated with these procedures has been a major problem. Here, we report a case of subfoveal retention of PFCL for which we performed a novel surgical technique that attempts to minimize retinal damage.
Case presentation
A 69-year-old man presented with subfoveal retained PFCL after surgery for retinal detachment. To remove the retained PFCL, the internal limiting membrane overlying the subretinal injection site is first peeled to allow low-pressure (8?psi) transretinal BSS infusion, using a 41-gauge cannula, to slowly detach the macula. A small drainage retinotomy is created with the diathermy tip at the inferior position of the macular bleb, sized to be slightly wider than that of the PFCL droplet. The head of the bed is then raised, and the surgeon gently vibrates the patient’s head to release the PFCL droplet to allow it to migrate inferiorly towards the drainage retinotomy. The bed is returned to the horizontal position, and the PFCL, now on the retinal surface, can be aspirated. The subfoveal PFCL is removed while minimizing iatrogenic foveal and macular damage. One month after PFCL removal, the foveal structure showed partial recovery on optical coherence tomography, and BCVA improved to 20/40.
Conclusion
Creating a macular bleb with low infusion pressure and using vibrational forces and gravity to migrate the PFCL towards a retinotomy can be considered as a relatively atraumatic technique to remove subfoveal retained PFCL. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TakahashiKosuke en-aut-sei=Takahashi en-aut-mei=Kosuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KimuraShuhei en-aut-sei=Kimura en-aut-mei=Shuhei kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=HosokawaMio Morizane en-aut-sei=Hosokawa en-aut-mei=Mio Morizane kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShiodeYusuke en-aut-sei=Shiode en-aut-mei=Yusuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=DoiShinichiro en-aut-sei=Doi en-aut-mei=Shinichiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatobaRyo en-aut-sei=Matoba en-aut-mei=Ryo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=KanzakiYuki en-aut-sei=Kanzaki en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=YonekawaYoshihiro en-aut-sei=Yonekawa en-aut-mei=Yoshihiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=MorizaneYuki en-aut-sei=Morizane en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Wills Eye Hospital, Mid Atlantic Retina, Thomas Jefferson University kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= en-keyword=Case report kn-keyword=Case report en-keyword=Perfluorocarbon kn-keyword=Perfluorocarbon en-keyword=Retinal detachment kn-keyword=Retinal detachment en-keyword=Subretinal injection kn-keyword=Subretinal injection en-keyword=Vitreoretinal surgery kn-keyword=Vitreoretinal surgery END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=61 cd-vols= no-issue=5 article-no= start-page=38 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2020 dt-pub=202005 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=KCNJ13 Gene Deletion Impairs Cell Alignment and Phagocytosis in Retinal Pigment Epithelium Derived from Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish and analyze a cell model of Leber congenital amaurosis type 16 (LCA16), which is caused by mutations in the KCNJ13 gene encoding Kir7.1, an inward-rectifying potassium ion channel.
Methods: The two guide RNAs specific to the target sites in the KCNJ13 gene were designed and KCNJ13 knock-out (KO) human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) were generated using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The KCNJ13-KO hiPSCs were differentiated into retinal pigment epithelial cells (hiPSC-RPEs). The KCNJ13-KO in hiPSC-RPEs was confirmed by immunostaining. Phagocytic activity of hiPSC-RPEs was assessed using the uptake of fluorescently labeled porcine photoreceptor outer segments (POSs). Phagocytosis-related genes in RPE cells were assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction.
Results: Most of the translated region of the KCNJ13 gene was deleted in the KCNJ13-KO hiPSCs by the CRISPR/Cas9 system, and this confirmed that the Kir7.1 protein was not present in RPE cells induced from the hiPSCs. Expression of RPE marker genes such as BEST1 and CRALBP was retained in the wild-type (WT) and in the KCNJ13-KO hiPSC-RPE cells. However, phagocytic activity and expression of phagocytosis-related genes in the KCNJ13-null hiPSC-RPE cells were significantly reduced compared to those of WT.
Conclusions: We succeeded in generating an RPE model of LCA16 using hiPSCs. We suggest that Kir7.1 is required for phagocytosis of POSs by RPE cells and that impaired phagocytosis in the absence of Kir7.1 would be involved in the retinal degeneration found in LCA16. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KanzakiYuki en-aut-sei=Kanzaki en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=FujitaHirofumi en-aut-sei=Fujita en-aut-mei=Hirofumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=SatoKeita en-aut-sei=Sato en-aut-mei=Keita kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=HosokawaMio en-aut-sei=Hosokawa en-aut-mei=Mio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsumaeHiroshi en-aut-sei=Matsumae en-aut-mei=Hiroshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShiragaFumio en-aut-sei=Shiraga en-aut-mei=Fumio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=MorizaneYuki en-aut-sei=Morizane en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=OhuchiHideyo en-aut-sei=Ohuchi en-aut-mei=Hideyo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= en-keyword=Kir7.1 kn-keyword=Kir7.1 en-keyword=KCNJ13 kn-keyword=KCNJ13 en-keyword=human-induced pluripotent cells kn-keyword=human-induced pluripotent cells en-keyword=retinal pigment epithelium kn-keyword=retinal pigment epithelium en-keyword=phagocytosis kn-keyword=phagocytosis END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=20 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page= end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2020 dt-pub=20200605 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Risk factors for excessive postoperative exo-drift after unilateral lateral rectus muscle recession and medial rectus muscle resection for intermittent exotropia en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Background: To detect significant factors associated with excessive postoperative exo-drift in young patients with intermittent exotropia who had undergone unilateral lateral rectus muscle recession and medial rectus muscle resection.
Methods: We retrospectively examined the records of 64 consecutive patients < 18 years old who underwent surgery between April 2004 and December 2011. We sought risk factors for excessive postoperative exo-drift among patients' demographic and clinical characteristics using univariate and multivariable linear regression analysis.
Results: Younger patients (P = 0.007), and those with larger preoperative exo-deviation at distance (P = 0.033), a lower incidence of peripheral fusion at distance (P = 0.021) or a greater postoperative initial eso-deviation (P = 0.001), were significantly more likely to have an excessive postoperative exo-drift (> 20 prism diopters). Univariate analysis revealed significant associations between excessive postoperative exo-drift and age at surgery (P = 0.004), preoperative exo-deviation at distance (P = 0.017) and postoperative initial eso-deviation at distance (P < 0.001). Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that postoperative initial eso-deviation at distance (P = 0.008) was significantly associated with postoperative exo-drift.
Conclusions: Postoperative exodrift in unilateral RR is predicted by the initial postoperative eso-deviation, which may offset the overcorrection. However, the exo-drift is greater in cases with a large preoperative exo-deviation and/or at a younger age, and should be followed carefully. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MorisawaShin en-aut-sei=Morisawa en-aut-mei=Shin kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=HamasakiIchiro en-aut-sei=Hamasaki en-aut-mei=Ichiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShibataKiyo en-aut-sei=Shibata en-aut-mei=Kiyo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShimizuTakehiro en-aut-sei=Shimizu en-aut-mei=Takehiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=KonoReika en-aut-sei=Kono en-aut-mei=Reika kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyataManabu en-aut-sei=Miyata en-aut-mei=Manabu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=FuruseTakashi en-aut-sei=Furuse en-aut-mei=Takashi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=HasebeSatoshi en-aut-sei=Hasebe en-aut-mei=Satoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=OhtsukiHiroshi en-aut-sei=Ohtsuki en-aut-mei=Hiroshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=MorizaneYuki en-aut-sei=Morizane en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShiragaFumio en-aut-sei=Shiraga en-aut-mei=Fumio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology,Kawasaki Medical School General Medical Center kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology,Kawasaki Medical School General Medical Center kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Division of Ophthalmology, Okayama Saiseikai General Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=11 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= en-keyword=Intermittent exotropia kn-keyword=Intermittent exotropia en-keyword=Postoperative exo-drift kn-keyword=Postoperative exo-drift en-keyword=Recurrent exotropia kn-keyword=Recurrent exotropia en-keyword=Recession and resection procedure kn-keyword=Recession and resection procedure en-keyword=Strabismus surgery kn-keyword=Strabismus surgery END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=74 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=229 end-page=236 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2020 dt-pub=202006 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Formulas to Estimate Appropriate Surgical Amounts of Unilateral Recession-Resection in Intermittent Exotropia with Distance-Near Disparity en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The purpose of this study was to derive new formulas to provide an optimal surgical procedure and optimal amount of recession-resection (RR) surgery in intermittent exotropia (IXT) with a disparity in angle of deviation depending on the fixation distance. The records of 117 consecutive patients with IXT who underwent RR surgery between March 2008 and December 2011 at Okayama University Hospital were retrospectively examined. Multivariable linear regression analysis was performed using the observed corrective angle of deviation at distance or near fixation as the dependent variable, and amounts of lateral rectus muscle (LR) recession (mm) and medial rectus muscle (MR) resection, and age at surgery (years) as independent variables. Two simultaneous formulas were derived: corrective angle of deviation at distance fixation (°)=1.8×recession (mm)+1.6× resection (mm)+0.15×age (years)?6.6, and corrective angle at near fixation (°)=1.5×recession (mm)+1.7× resection (mm)+0.18×age (years)?3.8. Comparisons of coefficient values of the formulas between distance and near fixation revealed that LR recession was more affected by the corrective angle in distance than near fixation. MR resection was more affected at near than distance fixation. We found that our new formulas estimated the appropriate amount of unilateral RR surgery. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=ShibataKiyo en-aut-sei=Shibata en-aut-mei=Kiyo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=HamasakiIchiro en-aut-sei=Hamasaki en-aut-mei=Ichiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=ToshimaShinji en-aut-sei=Toshima en-aut-mei=Shinji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShimizuTakehiro en-aut-sei=Shimizu en-aut-mei=Takehiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=KonoReika en-aut-sei=Kono en-aut-mei=Reika kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyataManabu en-aut-sei=Miyata en-aut-mei=Manabu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=MorisawaShin en-aut-sei=Morisawa en-aut-mei=Shin kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=FuruseTakashi en-aut-sei=Furuse en-aut-mei=Takashi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=HasebeSatoshi en-aut-sei=Hasebe en-aut-mei=Satoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=OhtsukiHiroshi en-aut-sei=Ohtsuki en-aut-mei=Hiroshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=MorizaneYuki en-aut-sei=Morizane en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShiragaFumio en-aut-sei=Shiraga en-aut-mei=Fumio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Kurashiki Medical Center kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Kawasaki Medical School General Medical Center kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama Saiseikai General Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama Saiseikai General Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama Saiseikai General Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=11 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=12 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= en-keyword=surgical amount kn-keyword=surgical amount en-keyword=intermittent exotropia kn-keyword=intermittent exotropia en-keyword=recession and resection procedure kn-keyword=recession and resection procedure en-keyword=strabismus surgery kn-keyword=strabismus surgery en-keyword=recurrent exotropia kn-keyword=recurrent exotropia END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=8 cd-vols= no-issue=7 article-no= start-page=1304 end-page=1305 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2020 dt-pub=20200413 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Vision loss, tractional retinal detachment, and profound anemia due to rectal carcinoma en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Profound anemia can cause severe proliferative retinopathy and tractional retinal detachment; therefore, it is important to closely investigate the cause of anemia. Endoscopy and computed tomography are valuable tools for this purpose. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YamamotoAkira en-aut-sei=Yamamoto en-aut-mei=Akira kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=NishimuraYoshito en-aut-sei=Nishimura en-aut-mei=Yoshito kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=ObikaMikako en-aut-sei=Obika en-aut-mei=Mikako kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=MorizaneYuki en-aut-sei=Morizane en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=OtsukaFumio en-aut-sei=Otsuka en-aut-mei=Fumio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil=Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences en-keyword=anemia kn-keyword=anemia en-keyword=anemic retinopathy kn-keyword=anemic retinopathy en-keyword=rectal cancer kn-keyword=rectal cancer en-keyword=retinal detachment kn-keyword=retinal detachment END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=257 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=662 end-page=662 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2019 dt-pub=20190122 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Magnetic resonance imaging findings of age-related distance esotropia in Japanese patients with high myopia en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of the extraocular muscles and the orbital connective tissue pulleys in Japanese patients with age-related distance esotropia (ARDE) and high myopia using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Methods
This was a retrospective case-series study. High-resolution coronal MRI scans of 12 orbits were obtained in 6 patients with ARDE and high myopia (age range: 51?69 years). We analyzed the images to determine the positions of the rectus muscle pulleys relative to the center of the globe, the integrity of the lateral rectus-superior rectus muscle (LR-SR) band, and the LR angle (the angle between the major axis of the LR and the vertical plane).
Results
The distance esotropia ranged from 4 to 25?, and 3 cases exhibited vertical deviations. The mean (±standard deviation (SD)) axial length was 28.5 (± 1.6) mm. The mean positions of the medial rectus muscle pulley and LR pulley were 1.3 mm inferior and 1.4 mm inferior, respectively, to those seen in the normal control group in our previous study (P?=?0.002 and P?=?0.05, respectively). All 12 orbits had abnormal elongated LR-SR bands, and 8 orbits (67%) displayed ruptured LR-SR bands. The LR angle (mean±SD; 18.8°?±?8.5°) increased significantly with the inferior displacement of the LR pulley (R2?=?0.77, P?=?0.0002).
Conclusions
Inferior displacement of the LR pulley and abnormal LR-SR bands were seen in Japanese ARDE patients with high myopia, as was found in ARDE patients without high myopia. The LR angle might be useful for judging the degree of LR pulley displacement. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KonoReika en-aut-sei=Kono en-aut-mei=Reika kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=OhtsukiHiroshi en-aut-sei=Ohtsuki en-aut-mei=Hiroshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KishimotoFumiko en-aut-sei=Kishimoto en-aut-mei=Fumiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=HamasakiIchiro en-aut-sei=Hamasaki en-aut-mei=Ichiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=MorizaneYuki en-aut-sei=Morizane en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShiragaFumio en-aut-sei=Shiraga en-aut-mei=Fumio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Medical School, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Division of Ophthalmology, Okayama Saiseikai General Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Division of Ophthalmology, Ibara City Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= en-keyword=age-related distance esotropia kn-keyword=age-related distance esotropia en-keyword=esotropia kn-keyword=esotropia en-keyword=high myopia kn-keyword=high myopia en-keyword=orbital pulley kn-keyword=orbital pulley en-keyword=sagging eye syndrome kn-keyword=sagging eye syndrome END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=73 cd-vols= no-issue=5 article-no= start-page=463 end-page=468 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2019 dt-pub=201910 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Twist Knot: A New Sliding Noose in Adjustable Suture Strabismus Surgery en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= To permit noose movement without fraying the sutures following strabismus surgery, we designed a new sliding noose, the “twist knot” and investigated its advantages and disadvantages. We measured the tensile strength required to move the twist knot in a tightly tied state (134±19 gf) and in a loosened state (21±7 gf), and that required to move the conventional sliding noose in a tightly tied state (48±14 gf), and used the Kruskal-Wallis test to compare them. A significant difference was observed among the three tensile strengths (p<0.001). The twist knot technique allowed easy sliding without the multifilament braided suture becoming frayed and a knot to be firmly fixed without slipping. However, if the 2 strings of the pole sutures exit from the sclera at 2 widely separated positions, the sliding noose may become slack. Therefore, the distance between the pole sutures should be small. The simple twist knot technique was found to be an effective approach following adjustable surgery of strabismus. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=ShibataKiyo en-aut-sei=Shibata en-aut-mei=Kiyo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=HamasakiIchiro en-aut-sei=Hamasaki en-aut-mei=Ichiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShimizuTakehiro en-aut-sei=Shimizu en-aut-mei=Takehiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=KonoReika en-aut-sei=Kono en-aut-mei=Reika kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=OhtsukiHiroshi en-aut-sei=Ohtsuki en-aut-mei=Hiroshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=MorizaneYuki en-aut-sei=Morizane en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShiragaFumio en-aut-sei=Shiraga en-aut-mei=Fumio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama Saiseikai General Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= en-keyword=adjustable suture kn-keyword=adjustable suture en-keyword=the new sliding noose method kn-keyword=the new sliding noose method en-keyword=tensile strength kn-keyword=tensile strength en-keyword=strabismus surgery kn-keyword=strabismus surgery en-keyword=esotropia kn-keyword=esotropia END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=71 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=255 end-page=257 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2017 dt-pub=201706 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Autologous Internal Limiting Membrane Transplants Successfully Close a Large Parafoveal Retinal Hole en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=　Parafoveal retinal holes (PRHs) are one of the complications that can occur after internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling during macular surgery. Here we describe a patient in whom an exceptionally large PRH (1,069-μm dia.) was successfully closed by repeated autologous ILM transplantation. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KumaseFumiaki en-aut-sei=Kumase en-aut-mei=Fumiaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MorizaneYuki en-aut-sei=Morizane en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KimuraShuhei en-aut-sei=Kimura en-aut-mei=Shuhei kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=ToshimaShinji en-aut-sei=Toshima en-aut-mei=Shinji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShiragaFumio en-aut-sei=Shiraga en-aut-mei=Fumio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= en-keyword=autologous internal limiting membrane transplantation kn-keyword=autologous internal limiting membrane transplantation en-keyword=parafoveal retinal hole, macular surgery kn-keyword=parafoveal retinal hole, macular surgery END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol= cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page= end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2006 dt-pub=20060324 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=虹彩の動きがラット瞳孔膜の消退過程における血管アポトーシスを誘導する kn-title=Iris movement mediates vascular apoptosis during rat pupillary membrane regression en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MorizaneYuki en-aut-sei=Morizane en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name=森實祐基 kn-aut-sei=森實 kn-aut-mei=祐基 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 END