start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=26 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=7 end-page=10 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2021 dt-pub=202103 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Mitigation Effect of Thermal Environment on the Asphalt by Sprayed Water kn-title=散水によるアスファルト上の暑熱環境緩和効果 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In this study, water was sprinkled on the asphalt surface during the hottest hours of the day using a sprinkler, and the effect was experimentally verified. An air temperature, a humidity, a ground surface temperature, and a globe temperature which is radiant heat from the ground were measured, and using these measurements, WBGT (Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature), which is an index of thermal stress on the human body, was calculated. In this way, we investigated not only the climate mitigation effect but also the mitigation effect of the thermal environment felt by the human body.
As a result, the following points were clarified in this study: 1) During sprinkling, the air temperature, the black globe temperature, and the WBGT were lower in the sprinkled area than in the controlled area, and the wet-bulb temperature hardly changed. 2) Focusing on the amount of change after watering compared to before watering, the air temperature, the globe temperature, and the WBGT decreased, and the wet-bulb temperature hardly changed. 3) In the sprinkled area, when the WBGT value just before watering is higher than that of the strict caution (WBGT is 28°C or higher), it drops to a level one rank lower, and when the WBGT value just before watering is warning (WBGT value is 25°C or higher), it was almost no change. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MOROIZUMIToshitsugu en-aut-sei=MOROIZUMI en-aut-mei=Toshitsugu kn-aut-name=諸泉利嗣 kn-aut-sei=諸泉 kn-aut-mei=利嗣 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=ITONaoya en-aut-sei=ITO en-aut-mei=Naoya kn-aut-name=伊藤尚也 kn-aut-sei=伊藤 kn-aut-mei=尚也 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MIURATakeshi en-aut-sei=MIURA en-aut-mei=Takeshi kn-aut-name=三浦健志 kn-aut-sei=三浦 kn-aut-mei=健志 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院環境生命科学研究科 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=前田道路㈱ affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院環境生命科学研究科（名誉教授） en-keyword=WBGT kn-keyword=WBGT en-keyword=Air temperature kn-keyword=Air temperature en-keyword=Globe Temperature kn-keyword=Globe Temperature en-keyword=Thermal environment kn-keyword=Thermal environment en-keyword=Sprayed water kn-keyword=Sprayed water END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=26 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=1 end-page=5 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2021 dt-pub=202103 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Estimation of actual evapotranspiration in 3 river basins in Okayama prefecture - Comparison of Morton method and modified Brutsaert & Stricker method - kn-title=岡山県3河川流域における実蒸発散量の推定 : Morton 法と修正 Brutsaert and Stricker 法の比較 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= In the study, the actual evaporation was estimated in the Asahi River, the Takahashi River, and the Yoshii River basins in Okayama prefecture for four years from January 1999 to December 2002. The Morton method and the modified Brutsaert and Stricker (B & S) method were applied to the three river basins to estimate the actual evapotranspiration and compare the two methods.
As a result, the actual evapotranspiration by the Morton method was all almost equal to that by the Penman’s potential evapotranspiration, and the evapotranspiration was overestimated rather than the actual evapotranspiration. The actual evapotranspiration by the modified B & S method was below the Penman’s potential evapotranspiration throughout the year, and the total annual amount was about 80% of the potential evapotranspiration. In addition, the modified B & S method showed the general tendency that the actual evapotranspiration was lower in urban area than in the hilly and mountainous areas. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MOROIZUMIToshitsugu en-aut-sei=MOROIZUMI en-aut-mei=Toshitsugu kn-aut-name=諸泉利嗣 kn-aut-sei=諸泉 kn-aut-mei=利嗣 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MIURATakeshi en-aut-sei=MIURA en-aut-mei=Takeshi kn-aut-name=三浦健志 kn-aut-sei=三浦 kn-aut-mei=健志 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院環境生命科学研究科 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院環境生命科学研究科（名誉教授） en-keyword=Complementary relationship kn-keyword=Complementary relationship en-keyword=Actual evapotranspiration kn-keyword=Actual evapotranspiration en-keyword=Potential evapotranspiration kn-keyword=Potential evapotranspiration END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=22 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=61 end-page=64 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2017 dt-pub=201703 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Evaluation of drop in official air temperature record at Okayama caused by relocation of observation field of Okayama Local Meteorological Observatory - By comparison with records observed at surrounding points - kn-title=岡山地方気象台観測露場移転による気温低下量の推定 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Statistical change in official temperature records at Okayama City caused by relocation of meteorological observation field of Meteorological Agency was evaluated. The observation field of Okayama local meteorological observatory was moved to the Tsushima Campus of Okayama University from the downtown area of Okayama City in March, 2015. Comparison between the air temperature records measured at meteorological agency station and the records at Tanjo Pond in Tsushima Campus, showed 0.56 ℃ drop in annual average before and after relocation. Moreover, comparison between the records of Okayama local meteorological observatory and that at the surrounding meteorological observing 9 stations showed 0.55 ℃ drop in annual average. Those results suggest that the relocation dropped annual average of air temperature by about 0.6 ℃. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MiuraTakeshi en-aut-sei=Miura en-aut-mei=Takeshi kn-aut-name=三浦健志 kn-aut-sei=三浦 kn-aut-mei=健志 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=UedaYu en-aut-sei=Ueda en-aut-mei=Yu kn-aut-name=上田悠生 kn-aut-sei=上田 kn-aut-mei=悠生 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MoritaHidenori en-aut-sei=Morita en-aut-mei=Hidenori kn-aut-name=守田秀則 kn-aut-sei=守田 kn-aut-mei=秀則 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=ChikamoriHidetaka en-aut-sei=Chikamori en-aut-mei=Hidetaka kn-aut-name=近森秀高 kn-aut-sei=近森 kn-aut-mei=秀高 aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=KurokawaMasahiro en-aut-sei=Kurokawa en-aut-mei=Masahiro kn-aut-name=黒川正宏 kn-aut-sei=黒川 kn-aut-mei=正宏 aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakashimaYoshitaka en-aut-sei=Nakashima en-aut-mei=Yoshitaka kn-aut-name=中嶋佳貴 kn-aut-sei=中嶋 kn-aut-mei=佳貴 aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkiYoko en-aut-sei=Oki en-aut-mei=Yoko kn-aut-name=沖陽子 kn-aut-sei=沖 kn-aut-mei=陽子 aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and life Science, Okayama University kn-affil=岡山大学大学院環境生命科学研究科 affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and life Science, Okayama University kn-affil=岡山大学大学院環境生命科学研究科 affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and life Science, Okayama University kn-affil=岡山大学大学院環境生命科学研究科 affil-num=4 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and life Science, Okayama University kn-affil=岡山大学大学院環境生命科学研究科 affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学環境理工学部 affil-num=6 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and life Science, Okayama University kn-affil=岡山大学大学院環境生命科学研究科 affil-num=7 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and life Science, Okayama University kn-affil=岡山大学大学院環境生命科学研究科 en-keyword=Okayama Local Meteorological Observatory kn-keyword=Okayama Local Meteorological Observatory en-keyword=relocation kn-keyword=relocation en-keyword=drop in air temperature kn-keyword=drop in air temperature END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=22 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=55 end-page=59 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2017 dt-pub=201703 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Method for predicting minimum air temperature in the next morning using local meteorological observation data - Improvement on minimum air temperature forecasting system utilizing the Internet - kn-title=現地気象観測データを用いた最低気温予測方法とその精度―インターネットを利用した最低気温予報システムの改良― en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=We have developed a minimum air temperature forecasting system using local meteorological observation data in order to prevent or mitigate the frost damage. In this paper, the correlation between the meteorological factors and the decrease in air temperature during the night was shown. Then minimum air temperature was predicted by the multiple regression equation that uses air temperature and humidity at 18:00 as explanatory variables. As the result, the root mean square error (RMSE) was 2.8°C. When the difference of air temperature between 17:00 and 18:00 was used for the prediction instead of humidity, the RMSE was 3.5°C. Next, the prediction was carried out only in clear nights, then the equation that use air temperature and humidity at 18:00 showed that the RMSE was 1.3°C. Although the predictive accuracy of the equations for clear nights is low on cloudy or rainy nights, we can forecast safely on frosty nights by using those equations in combination with the equations for all nights. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=UedaYu en-aut-sei=Ueda en-aut-mei=Yu kn-aut-name=上田悠生 kn-aut-sei=上田 kn-aut-mei=悠生 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MishimaTakuya en-aut-sei=Mishima en-aut-mei=Takuya kn-aut-name=三島拓也 kn-aut-sei=三島 kn-aut-mei=拓也 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiuraTakeshi en-aut-sei=Miura en-aut-mei=Takeshi kn-aut-name=三浦健志 kn-aut-sei=三浦 kn-aut-mei=健志 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=MoroizumiToshitsugu en-aut-sei=Moroizumi en-aut-mei=Toshitsugu kn-aut-name=諸泉利嗣 kn-aut-sei=諸泉 kn-aut-mei=利嗣 aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and life Science, Okayama University kn-affil=岡山大学大学院環境生命科学研究科 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=エイト日本技術開発株式会社 affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and life Science, Okayama University kn-affil=岡山大学大学院環境生命科学研究科 affil-num=4 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and life Science, Okayama University kn-affil=岡山大学大学院環境生命科学研究科 en-keyword=Minimum air temperature kn-keyword=Minimum air temperature en-keyword=prediction kn-keyword=prediction en-keyword=frost damage kn-keyword=frost damage en-keyword=IT kn-keyword=IT en-keyword=multiple regression analysis kn-keyword=multiple regression analysis END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=20 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=35 end-page=40 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2015 dt-pub=201503 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Building of minimum air temperature forecast system using the Internet -Design of the forecast website- kn-title=インターネットを利用した最低気温予報システムの構築 ―予報ウェブページの設計― en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=　The purpose of this study is to build a forecast system for predicting at minimum air temperature in the next morning from the meteorological data, such as air temperature, humidity, and the amount of solar radiation, in a field in the evening on the previous day. The meteorological data are sent to a relay server, and then, transferred to a PC in our laboratory of Okayama University by executing the computer program to import the data which are used to calculate the predicted values of minimum air temperature. The predicted minimum air temperatures are released for the farmers on the website in the server of Okayama University. The website is also created by our laboratory. As a result, the predicted minimum air temperatures agreed with the measured ones. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MishimaTakuya en-aut-sei=Mishima en-aut-mei=Takuya kn-aut-name=三島拓也 kn-aut-sei=三島 kn-aut-mei=拓也 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiuraTakeshi en-aut-sei=Miura en-aut-mei=Takeshi kn-aut-name=三浦健志 kn-aut-sei=三浦 kn-aut-mei=健志 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MoroizumiToshitsugu en-aut-sei=Moroizumi en-aut-mei=Toshitsugu kn-aut-name=諸泉利嗣 kn-aut-sei=諸泉 kn-aut-mei=利嗣 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院 環境生命科学研究科 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院 環境生命科学研究科 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院 環境生命科学研究科 en-keyword=Minimum air temperature kn-keyword=Minimum air temperature en-keyword=prediction kn-keyword=prediction en-keyword=internet kn-keyword=internet en-keyword=frozen disaster kn-keyword=frozen disaster END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=16 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=35 end-page=39 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2011 dt-pub=20110318 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Improvement of complementary relationship-based evapotranspiration model kn-title=補完関係式を用いた実蒸発散量推定式の改良 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Advection-Aridity(AA) model can calculate actual evapotranspiration by using only meteorological data. However, comparing the model with Penman equation showed that AA model doesn’t properly evaluate evapotranspiration from urban moisture area. In urban area, Actual evaporation from water calculated by AA model(E) are much less than that by Penman equation(Epo). Multiple regression analysis using estimation results indicates that the difference between the models is due to the difference of the sensitivity to vapor pressure deficit between the models. To improve this problem, modification coefficient k, defined as k=a･albedo+b, is suggested. Regression coefficients a, b are determined as satisfying k=Epo/E for water and k=1 for urban surface. By using this coefficient k, evaporation from water is nearly equal to value estimated by Penman equation, while evaporation from urban surface is changeless. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NakamichiTakeshi en-aut-sei=Nakamichi en-aut-mei=Takeshi kn-aut-name=中道丈史 kn-aut-sei=中道 kn-aut-mei=丈史 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MoroizumiToshitsugu en-aut-sei=Moroizumi en-aut-mei=Toshitsugu kn-aut-name=諸泉利嗣 kn-aut-sei=諸泉 kn-aut-mei=利嗣 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiuraTakeshi en-aut-sei=Miura en-aut-mei=Takeshi kn-aut-name=三浦健志 kn-aut-sei=三浦 kn-aut-mei=健志 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院環境学研究科 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学環境理工学部 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学環境理工学部 en-keyword=Complementary relationship kn-keyword=Complementary relationship en-keyword=Actual evapotranspiration kn-keyword=Actual evapotranspiration en-keyword=Potential evapotranspiration kn-keyword=Potential evapotranspiration en-keyword=Water budget kn-keyword=Water budget END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=31 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=32 end-page=37 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=200912 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Preliminary study on the measurement for water content and electric conductivity in soils using time domain reflectometry kn-title=TDR法を用いた土壌中の水分と電気伝導度の同時測定に関する予備的検討 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=It is very important to measure the water content and electric conductivity in soil for monitoring the environment of agricultural land continuously. TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry)method plays a key role on the measurement of water content and electric conductivity in soils recently. Some calibrations are needed to measure them accurately. The objective of this study was to investigate preliminaly the corrections of TDR probe, the probe constant for electric conductivity, and the dependence of water pemittivity on temperature as TDR calibrations. The results showed the importance for the corrections of TDR probe and the reasonable value of probe constant.The TDR system used in this study could measure the dependence of water pemittivity on temperature. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MoroizumiToshitsugu en-aut-sei=Moroizumi en-aut-mei=Toshitsugu kn-aut-name=諸泉利嗣 kn-aut-sei=諸泉 kn-aut-mei=利嗣 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KusuyamaTomoyo en-aut-sei=Kusuyama en-aut-mei=Tomoyo kn-aut-name=楠山倫世 kn-aut-sei=楠山 kn-aut-mei=倫世 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiuraTakeshi en-aut-sei=Miura en-aut-mei=Takeshi kn-aut-name=三浦健志 kn-aut-sei=三浦 kn-aut-mei=健志 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院環境学研究科 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院自然科学研究科 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院環境学研究科 en-keyword=Time domain reflectomerty kn-keyword=Time domain reflectomerty en-keyword=Permittivity kn-keyword=Permittivity en-keyword=Electric conductivity kn-keyword=Electric conductivity en-keyword=Probe constant kn-keyword=Probe constant END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=46 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=121 end-page=130 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2004 dt-pub=200401 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=A Note on Commutative Gelfand Theory for Real Banach Algebras en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=

Pfaffenberger and Phillips [2] consider a real and unital case of the classical commutative Gelfand theorem and obtain two representation theorems. One is to represent a unital real commutative Banach algebra A as an algebra of continuous functions on the unital homomorphism space ΦA. The other is to represent A as an algebra of continuous sections on the maximal ideal space MA. In this note, we point out that similar theorems for non-unital case hold and show that two representation theorems are essentially identical.

en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TakahashiSin-Ei en-aut-sei=Takahashi en-aut-mei=Sin-Ei kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiuraTakeshi en-aut-sei=Miura en-aut-mei=Takeshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=HatoriOsamu en-aut-sei=Hatori en-aut-mei=Osamu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Yamagata University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Yamagata University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Niigata University, Niigata en-keyword=real commutative Banach algebras kn-keyword=real commutative Banach algebras en-keyword=real algebra homomorphisms kn-keyword=real algebra homomorphisms en-keyword= commutative Gelfand theory. kn-keyword= commutative Gelfand theory. END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=44 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=143 end-page=154 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2002 dt-pub=200201 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=A Representation of Ring Homomorphisms on Unital Regular Commutative Banach Algebras en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=

We give a complete representation of a ring homomorphism from a unital semisimple regular commutative Banach algebra into a unital semisimple commutative Banach algebra, which need not be regular. As a corollary we give a sufficient condition in order that a ring homomorphism is automatically linear or conjugate linear.

en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MiuraTakeshi en-aut-sei=Miura en-aut-mei=Takeshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Yamagata University en-keyword=commutative Banach algebras kn-keyword=commutative Banach algebras en-keyword= ring homomorphisms. kn-keyword= ring homomorphisms. END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=30 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=27 end-page=32 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2008 dt-pub=200812 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Amplitude Domain Reflectometry法による不飽和砂地盤中のNAPL含有量と誘電率に関する基礎的研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Subsurface contamination by non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) has become a serious environmental issue. Therefore, it is necessary to estimate the NAPL content (θNAPL) in unsaturated soil to detect and monitor the NAPL contaminations in soil and groundwater. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between θNAPL and permittivity (K) in unsaturated sandy soil as a fundamental study to estimate the θNAPL. An ADR (Amplitude Domain Reflectometry) method was used to measure the K in the soil including the NAPL which was a castor oil as light NAPL or a HFE-7100 as dense NAPL. The experimental study indicated the linear relation between θNAPL and K in unsaturated soil with soil-NAPL-air. Using this relationship, we can estimate the θNAPL. On the other hand, although we obtained the relationship between θNAPL, θw and (root) K in unsaturated soil with soil-NAPL-water-air, it was not possible to estimate the θNAPL using this relationship. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MoroizumiToshitsugu en-aut-sei=Moroizumi en-aut-mei=Toshitsugu kn-aut-name=諸泉利嗣 kn-aut-sei=諸泉 kn-aut-mei=利嗣 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=SasakiYumi en-aut-sei=Sasaki en-aut-mei=Yumi kn-aut-name=佐々木裕美 kn-aut-sei=佐々木 kn-aut-mei=裕美 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiuraTakeshi en-aut-sei=Miura en-aut-mei=Takeshi kn-aut-name=三浦健志 kn-aut-sei=三浦 kn-aut-mei=健志 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 環境理工学部 環境管理工学科 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=日化エンジニアリング株式会社 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 環境理工学部 環境管理工学科 en-keyword=NAPL kn-keyword=NAPL en-keyword=Permittivity kn-keyword=Permittivity en-keyword=Amplitude Domain Reflectmetry kn-keyword=Amplitude Domain Reflectmetry en-keyword=Soil and groundwater contamination kn-keyword=Soil and groundwater contamination END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=26 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=26 end-page=27 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2004 dt-pub=20040701 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=水田と畑の放射収支の特徴と放射収支計の機種の違いによる測定値の差異 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=吉崎文人 kn-aut-sei=吉崎 kn-aut-mei=文人 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=黒田訓宏 kn-aut-sei=黒田 kn-aut-mei=訓宏 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiuraTakeshi en-aut-sei=Miura en-aut-mei=Takeshi kn-aut-name=三浦健志 kn-aut-sei=三浦 kn-aut-mei=健志 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=MoroizumiToshitsugu en-aut-sei=Moroizumi en-aut-mei=Toshitsugu kn-aut-name=諸泉利嗣 kn-aut-sei=諸泉 kn-aut-mei=利嗣 aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=26 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=14 end-page=19 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2004 dt-pub=20040701 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=二酸化炭素のフラックスと勾配の関係 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=猪原幸子 kn-aut-sei=猪原 kn-aut-mei=幸子 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=IwataTooru en-aut-sei=Iwata en-aut-mei=Tooru kn-aut-name=岩田徹 kn-aut-sei=岩田 kn-aut-mei=徹 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiuraTakeshi en-aut-sei=Miura en-aut-mei=Takeshi kn-aut-name=三浦健志 kn-aut-sei=三浦 kn-aut-mei=健志 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=26 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=20 end-page=25 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2004 dt-pub=20040701 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=二酸化炭素と水蒸気濃度変動に関するモニン･オブコフ相似則 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=牛川希望 kn-aut-sei=牛川 kn-aut-mei=希望 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=IwataTooru en-aut-sei=Iwata en-aut-mei=Tooru kn-aut-name=岩田徹 kn-aut-sei=岩田 kn-aut-mei=徹 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiuraTakeshi en-aut-sei=Miura en-aut-mei=Takeshi kn-aut-name=三浦健志 kn-aut-sei=三浦 kn-aut-mei=健志 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=1 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=169 end-page=179 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1996 dt-pub=199603 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Crop Water Use From Shallow Groundwater -Simulation Using Field Measured Soil and Climatic Parameters- en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The SWAP93 model was used to predict how much capillary rise would occur in cropped fields. The experimental fields were located in a humid climate and it was thought that contribution from groundwater sources to total water use could be significant. In one field planted with soybean, the model predicted an average daily uptake of 1.3 mm; in another field planted with pumpkin, there was average daily uptake of 0.3 mm; and yet in a third field located in a vinyl house there was average daily uptake of 0.03 mm. These predictions represent about 38,7 and 1% contribution to total water use respectively. Even though there were no measured data to compare with, the results lie within the range of other works reported in the literature. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=Abenney-MicksonStephen kn-aut-sei=Abenney-Mickson kn-aut-mei=Stephen aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiuraTakeshi en-aut-sei=Miura en-aut-mei=Takeshi kn-aut-name=三浦健志 kn-aut-sei=三浦 kn-aut-mei=健志 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 en-keyword=Crop water use kn-keyword=Crop water use en-keyword=capillary rise kn-keyword=capillary rise en-keyword=SWAP93 model kn-keyword=SWAP93 model en-keyword=groundwater kn-keyword=groundwater END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=1 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=163 end-page=168 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1996 dt-pub=199603 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Secular changes of air temperature and precipitation in Okayama City. kn-title=岡山市の気温・降水量の経年変化 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In this paper, secular changes of air temperature and the amount of precipitation in Okayama city are discussed using observed values at Okayama meteorologiccal station. Special reference is made to 1993 and 1994 in which peculiar changes occurred. The results obtained are summarized as follows: (1) The increasing rate of the annual mean air temperature at Okayama city is 0.85℃/100y. This value is nearly equal to the average of Japan; 0.87℃/100y. (2) The increasing rate indicates seasonal changes, and the rate is high especially in April and May. (3) The rapid increase of the air temperature in the 1980s is due to removal of Okayama meteorological station from the edge of town to the center. (4) The annual mean air temperature in 1994 is 16.9℃, and the monthly mean temperature for July and August are 29.8 and 29.6℃ respectively. These values are new records at the Okayama station. (5) The air temperature in July and August, 1993 are higher than in 1980 when it was much colder in the summer. (6) The amount of precipitation does not show any secular changes. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MiuraTakeshi en-aut-sei=Miura en-aut-mei=Takeshi kn-aut-name=三浦健志 kn-aut-sei=三浦 kn-aut-mei=健志 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 en-keyword=the air temperature kn-keyword=the air temperature en-keyword=secular changes kn-keyword=secular changes en-keyword=Okayama city kn-keyword=Okayama city END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=3 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=121 end-page=126 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1998 dt-pub=19980114 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Comparison of micrometeorological environments inside and outside a watermelon plastic greenhouse kn-title=スイカ・ビニールハウス内外での微気象環境の比較 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The use of glass and plastic greenhouses have rapidly increased in recent years. Meteorological and soil moisture environments inside a greenhouse are significantly different from those in the open field. These differences should be understandable to establish accurate predictions of water consumption and evapotranspiraton inside a greenhouse which play impotrant roles in the design of any irrigation system. This study aims to estimate the micrometeorological conditions inside a watermelon plastic greenhouse which can be used for evapotranspiration calculations. Therefore, micrometeorological data were measured inside and outside the greenhouse for the comparison purposes. The results of this study may be summarized as : (1) Solar radiation inside the greenhouse was about 70% of that of outside it. (2) Net radiation during the daytime inside the greenhouse was almost the same as the absorbed total short-wave radiation. (3) The difference of air temperature inside and outside the greenhouse was very large during the daytime whereas not much difference was observed during the nighttime. (4) Both relative humidity and saturation deficit inside the greenhouse were higher than outside in case of highly vegetative land. (5) Wind speed inside the greenhouse was almost zero, while outside the average value was 1.8m/s. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MoritaNoboru en-aut-sei=Morita en-aut-mei=Noboru kn-aut-name=森田昇 kn-aut-sei=森田 kn-aut-mei=昇 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiuraTakeshi en-aut-sei=Miura en-aut-mei=Takeshi kn-aut-name=三浦健志 kn-aut-sei=三浦 kn-aut-mei=健志 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 en-keyword=plastic greenhouse kn-keyword=plastic greenhouse en-keyword=micrometeorology kn-keyword=micrometeorology en-keyword=watermelon kn-keyword=watermelon END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=6 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=81 end-page=84 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2001 dt-pub=20010228 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Long-term Change Trend of Climate at Aomori City kn-title=青森市における気候変動傾向 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Characteristics of long-term change for air temperature, precipitation and snowfall-depth at Aomori city were analyzed with data during the 111 years, from 1886 to 1996. The typical results were as follows: (1) The increasing rate of the annual mean air temperature was 1.07℃/111 year. (2) The increasing rate of the monthly minimum air temperature was larger than that of the monthly maximum air temperature. (3) The increasing rate of the monthly air temperature was large from winter to spring, however, was not so from summer to autumn. (4) The decreasing rate of annual precipitation was 0.187 mm/year. (5) The 5-year moving average of annual snowfall-depth might indicate the existence of about 10-year period. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MoroizumiToshitsugu en-aut-sei=Moroizumi en-aut-mei=Toshitsugu kn-aut-name=諸泉利嗣 kn-aut-sei=諸泉 kn-aut-mei=利嗣 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=SatoYuichi en-aut-sei=Sato en-aut-mei=Yuichi kn-aut-name=佐藤裕一 kn-aut-sei=佐藤 kn-aut-mei=裕一 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=SatoKoichi en-aut-sei=Sato en-aut-mei=Koichi kn-aut-name=佐藤幸一 kn-aut-sei=佐藤 kn-aut-mei=幸一 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiuraTakeshi en-aut-sei=Miura en-aut-mei=Takeshi kn-aut-name=三浦健志 kn-aut-sei=三浦 kn-aut-mei=健志 aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=北里大学獣医畜産学部 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=北里大学獣医畜産学部 affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 en-keyword=Air temperature kn-keyword=Air temperature en-keyword=precipitation kn-keyword=precipitation en-keyword=snowfall-depth kn-keyword=snowfall-depth en-keyword=long-term change kn-keyword=long-term change en-keyword=Aomori city kn-keyword=Aomori city END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=7 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=107 end-page=111 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2002 dt-pub=20020322 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Long-term Trend of Rainfall at Tsudaka Farm of Okayama University kn-title=岡山大学津高牧場における降雨変動特性 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Characteristics of long-term change in rainfall at Tsudaka Farm of Okayama University were analyzed with data during the 20 years, from 1979 to 1998. The typical results were as follows: (1) The average of annual rainfall was 1203 mm at average, 1726 mm at maximum, and 666 mm at minimum. (2) The decreasing rate of the annual rainfall was 5.37 mm/year. (3) Trend of rainfall intensity in each rainfall duration showed an increase of which rate were 0.005~0.256 mm/h/year, contrary to the annual trend. (4) Rainfall intensities in n-years probability were estimated using the maximum rainfall intensity for each rainfall duration. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MoroizumiToshitsugu en-aut-sei=Moroizumi en-aut-mei=Toshitsugu kn-aut-name=諸泉利嗣 kn-aut-sei=諸泉 kn-aut-mei=利嗣 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=YomotaAtsushi en-aut-sei=Yomota en-aut-mei=Atsushi kn-aut-name=四方田穆 kn-aut-sei=四方田 kn-aut-mei=穆 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiuraTakeshi en-aut-sei=Miura en-aut-mei=Takeshi kn-aut-name=三浦健志 kn-aut-sei=三浦 kn-aut-mei=健志 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 en-keyword=Rainfall kn-keyword=Rainfall en-keyword=Rainfall intensity kn-keyword=Rainfall intensity en-keyword=Rainfall duration kn-keyword=Rainfall duration en-keyword=Talbot formula kn-keyword=Talbot formula en-keyword=Long-term trend kn-keyword=Long-term trend en-keyword=Tsudaka Farm of Okayama University kn-keyword=Tsudaka Farm of Okayama University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=9 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=81 end-page=85 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2004 dt-pub=20040227 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Heat Budget on Rice Field kn-title=水稲耕作地における熱収支 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Experience of flux measurements over tall canopies has revealed that the eddy flux of sensible plus latent heat is about 30% smaller than the available radiant energy flux. A systematic observation was carried out to investigate the imbalance problem on rice field. The rice field represents a complex system consisting of rice plant, irrigated water and soil. Date obtained in this experiment show that appreciable understimations of sensible and latent heat fluxes are not recognized but understimations of 15 to 23% are counted in the soil heat flux. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YangDongmei en-aut-sei=Yang en-aut-mei=Dongmei kn-aut-name=楊冬梅 kn-aut-sei=楊 kn-aut-mei=冬梅 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=IwataToru en-aut-sei=Iwata en-aut-mei=Toru kn-aut-name=岩田徹 kn-aut-sei=岩田 kn-aut-mei=徹 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiuraTakeshi en-aut-sei=Miura en-aut-mei=Takeshi kn-aut-name=三浦健志 kn-aut-sei=三浦 kn-aut-mei=健志 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=OhtakiEiji en-aut-sei=Ohtaki en-aut-mei=Eiji kn-aut-name=大滝英治 kn-aut-sei=大滝 kn-aut-mei=英治 aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 en-keyword=Heat budget kn-keyword=Heat budget en-keyword=Eddy correlation method kn-keyword=Eddy correlation method en-keyword=Sensible heat flux kn-keyword=Sensible heat flux en-keyword=Latent heat flux kn-keyword=Latent heat flux en-keyword=Soil heat flux kn-keyword=Soil heat flux END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=12 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=125 end-page=130 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2007 dt-pub=20070315 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Comparison of micrometeorological environments inside and outside an oriental pickling melon greenhouse. kn-title=白瓜ビニールハウス内外での微気象環境の比較 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The use of greenhouses has rapidly increased after 1965, and the area became 11 times of 1965 as of 2001. Meteorological conditions and soil moisture environments inside a greenhouse are significantly different from those in the open field. These differences should be understandable to establish accurate predictions of water consumption and evapotranspiration inside a greenhouse which play important roles in the design of any irrigation system. This study aims to estimate the micrometeorological conditions inside an oriental pickling melon greenhouse which can be used for evapotranspiration calculations. Therefore, micrometeorological data were measured inside and outside the greenhouse for the comparison purposes. The results of this study may be summarized as: (1) Solar radiation inside the greenhouse was decreased about 30% of that of outside it by plastic film and frame. (2) Net radiation during the daytime inside the greenhouse was almost the same as the absorbed total short-wave radiation. (3) The difference of daytime mean air temperature inside and outside the greenhouse was between 3 and 4 degree Celsius in day average. (4) Both relative humidity and saturation deficit inside the greenhouse were higher than outside, and those were affected by ventilation. (5) Wind speed inside the greenhouse was greatly affected by opening rate of the house side. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MorimotoYuji en-aut-sei=Morimoto en-aut-mei=Yuji kn-aut-name=森本祐二 kn-aut-sei=森本 kn-aut-mei=祐二 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=HiranoEmi en-aut-sei=Hirano en-aut-mei=Emi kn-aut-name=平野絵美 kn-aut-sei=平野 kn-aut-mei=絵美 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiuraTakeshi en-aut-sei=Miura en-aut-mei=Takeshi kn-aut-name=三浦健志 kn-aut-sei=三浦 kn-aut-mei=健志 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 en-keyword=greenhouse kn-keyword=greenhouse en-keyword=micrometeorology kn-keyword=micrometeorology en-keyword=oriental pickling melon kn-keyword=oriental pickling melon END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=12 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=119 end-page=123 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2007 dt-pub=20070315 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Measurement of root system with growth of oriental pickling melon. kn-title=白瓜の生育に伴う根系の測定 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=It is important to clarify how the soil moisture changes by irrigation and how moisture is consumed by absorption of root, to plan irrigation appropriately in upland field. And, it is thought that clarifying the growth of the root can be important information in the water management, because the amount and the pattern of root water uptake change depending on the growth stage. However, there are not too much a lot of researches that measure the root, in addition, the example intended for crops of 'Gourd family (scientific name:Cucurbitaceae)' is not found. Therefore, for oriental pickling melon, it measured how for the root system to grow up as crop grew every three weeks. The results of this study may be summarized as: 1) Root amount increased with the growth of crops, and the majority of the root existed to 20cm in depth. A lot of rootlets with the role of water uptake existed outside of from 10 to 20cm. 2) Root length has grown up in horizontal and vertical direction at a dash at the stage of growing initial. 3) It was able to be confirmed to the growth of the ground part and the root that the length and amount either also had implications. Moreover, root amount and plant caver ratio drew similar curve. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=HiranoEmi en-aut-sei=Hirano en-aut-mei=Emi kn-aut-name=平野絵美 kn-aut-sei=平野 kn-aut-mei=絵美 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MorimotoYuji en-aut-sei=Morimoto en-aut-mei=Yuji kn-aut-name=森本祐二 kn-aut-sei=森本 kn-aut-mei=祐二 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiuraTakeshi en-aut-sei=Miura en-aut-mei=Takeshi kn-aut-name=三浦健志 kn-aut-sei=三浦 kn-aut-mei=健志 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 en-keyword=root growth kn-keyword=root growth en-keyword=oriental pickling melon kn-keyword=oriental pickling melon END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=25 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=7 end-page=10 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2003 dt-pub=200312 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=八浜農場での熱収支 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=太陽から地表面に与えられた熱エネルギーは、顕熱や潜熱に変換されるが、地表面の種類や状態によってその配分比率が変わり、大気に及ぼす効果は異なる。従来から、いろいろな地表面において熱収支に関する研究が行われており、裸地面ではその収支は釣り合っているとされている（例えば、古藤田、1984；近藤、1995；Seo、1958)。しかし、森林などの複雑地形状で渦相関法を用いた測定では熱収支が閉じないと指摘されている（Finnigan et al.,2003)。我々の研究目的は、裸地と森林の中間的な粗度面である水稲群落圃場での熱収支を明らかにすることである。特に、圃場の土壌及び灌漑水の貯熱量に注目し解析を行った。 en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=楊冬梅 kn-aut-sei=楊 kn-aut-mei=冬梅 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=岩田徹 kn-aut-sei=岩田 kn-aut-mei=徹 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=三浦健志 kn-aut-sei=三浦 kn-aut-mei=健志 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 en-keyword=八浜 kn-keyword=八浜 en-keyword=熱収支 kn-keyword=熱収支 en-keyword=水稲群落圃場 kn-keyword=水稲群落圃場 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=73 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=59 end-page=65 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1989 dt-pub=1989 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Characterstics of Wind Directions and Speeds at Kasaoka Bay Polder and its Environmental Areas kn-title=笠岡湾干拓地域の風向風速特性 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=笠岡湾干拓地域の気象特性のうち,風向風速特性を干拓地隣接の笠岡地域気象観測所(AMeDAS)でのデータから検討した.本来は干拓地内での測定値を基に検討を加える必要があるが種々の制約から測定ができなかった.そこで測定機器のメインテナンスも行き届いて欠測も殆どない地域気象観測所での測定値を用いた.笠岡地域気象観測所は今回の干拓事業で行われた干拓地の東側に隣接する旧干拓地に位置し,距離的にも,環境的にも現干拓地とはかけ離れていないと考えられ,ここで得られた結果を干拓地におけるものとしても大差はないで'あろうと考えられる. 干拓地内での風向風速の測定値が得られれば,風向風速の日変化の様子も分かり,より詳細な風向風速特性を明らかにすることができよう. ここで得られた結果をまとめると次の通りである. (1)笠岡湾干拓地域の主風向は冬季(11～2月)には西～北西,3月以降は東北東～東,5月以降夏季には東方向に加え若干南方向も加わる(Fig.3.). (2)日最大風速時風向は冬季(11～2月)の季節風の時期には西が他を抜きんでており,また同方向の風速も強い.3月になると東方向が増加し,5月以降夏季になると南方向の頻度も多くなる(Fig.5.).日最大風速5m/s以上の強風時の風向はほとんどが西方向である. (3)3年間の日平均風速は1.0m/s,日平均風速が2m/sを越える日数は僅か40日,最大風速は6m/s(4日,いずれも西風),日最大風速が5m/sを越える日数は19日(風向は東西方向のみ)と強風の日数が少ない.笠岡湾干拓地域は風のかなり弱い地域と言えるであろう. 笠岡湾干拓地周辺の地形は,北側の旧海岸線近くまで丘陵地が迫り,また南側には神島が位置している.すなわち干拓地の南北を丘陵地と島により挾まれる形になっており,主風向が東西方向で風が弱い原因の一つとしては,この地形に起因していると考えるのが自然であろう。 en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MiuraTakeshi en-aut-sei=Miura en-aut-mei=Takeshi kn-aut-name=三浦健志 kn-aut-sei=三浦 kn-aut-mei=健志 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=YomotaAtushi en-aut-sei=Yomota en-aut-mei=Atushi kn-aut-name=四方田穆 kn-aut-sei=四方田 kn-aut-mei=穆 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=NagaiAkihiro en-aut-sei=Nagai en-aut-mei=Akihiro kn-aut-name=永井明博 kn-aut-sei=永井 kn-aut-mei=明博 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=70 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=23 end-page=35 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1987 dt-pub=1987 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Meteorological Characteristics of Kasaoka Bay Polder and its Environmental Areas kn-title=笠岡湾干拓地域の気象特性 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=本論文では,笠岡湾干拓地及び周辺地域の気象特性を,干拓地内の試験圃場,笠岡地域気象観測所,岡山地方気象台での測定値を基に論じるとともに,他のわが国の代表的干拓地近傍の気象官署である秋田(八郎潟),松江(中海),佐賀(有明湾)の気象資料との対比を通して,笠岡湾干拓地域の気象の特徴をより鮮明にした.その概要は以下の通りである.(1)笠岡湾干拓地のある岡山県南西部は,笠岡地域気象観測所での1980～1986年の7年間平均値で,年平均気温14.9℃,年降水量1,077mm,日照時間2,582時間,年平均風速1.0m/sと温暖で,少雨,年間を通して日照時間の多い典型的な瀬戸内型の気候を示している(Table2).(2)月平均気温から推定した10℃以上の期間は3月29日から11月21日の238日間,その間の積算温度は4,790℃,10℃以上の有効積算温度は2,410℃となった.(3)笠岡地域気象観測所での1980～1986年の月別の最多風向は,11-2月にかけては北西が,3～10月までは東北東ないし東が多い.風災害対策で重要である最大風速時の風向は,10～2月は西を中心として,3～9月には東西方向を中心とした風向は多いことが分った(Table3).(4)笠岡湾干拓地内の試験圃場で熱収支法により蒸発散量を測定し,ペンマン式による蒸発散位,大型蒸発計蒸発量,降水量,日照時間との関係を検討した.その結果,蒸発散量は,降雨の直後は蒸発散位に近い値を示し,晴天が続くと地表面の乾燥のため蒸発散位をはずれて低下した.月間値では,蒸発散量は蒸発散位,大型蒸発計蒸発量と11～3月には同等な値を示したが,4-10月にはかなり小さな値となった(Figs.3～4).(5〉わが国の代表的な干拓地近傍の気象官署(岡山,秋田,松江,佐賀)の30年間の測定値の比較では,岡山は気温は中庸,降水量は少なく,日照時間が年間を通して多いことが分かった(Fig.2,Table1),一年を通して日照時間が多く蒸発散位が大きいこと,降水量が少ないことから判断すれば,他地区と比較して,笠岡湾干拓地の気象特性がヘドロ土壌の乾燥収縮に最も有効に働くと考えられる.笠岡湾干拓地での農業を有利に展開するためには,以上のような気象特性を踏まえて営農にあたられんことを期待する.また,潜在的な乾燥能力が大きいことと土壌の除塩問題との関係は,圃場での水収支・土壌の物理性を踏まえて,今後農地工学的に詳細に検討しなければならない課題であろうと考えられる。 en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NagahoriKinzo en-aut-sei=Nagahori en-aut-mei=Kinzo kn-aut-name=長堀金造 kn-aut-sei=長堀 kn-aut-mei=金造 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiuraTakeshi en-aut-sei=Miura en-aut-mei=Takeshi kn-aut-name=三浦健志 kn-aut-sei=三浦 kn-aut-mei=健志 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=AmayaTakao en-aut-sei=Amaya en-aut-mei=Takao kn-aut-name=天谷孝夫 kn-aut-sei=天谷 kn-aut-mei=孝夫 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 en-keyword=笠岡湾干拓 kn-keyword=笠岡湾干拓 en-keyword=気象特性 kn-keyword=気象特性 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=60 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=53 end-page=63 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1982 dt-pub=1982 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Water Demand at the Consolidated Paddy Field kn-title=圃場整備水田における水需要構造 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=水田の他地目への転用(工場・宅地化,畑転など)により水稲作付面積が減少しているが,用水量はそれにみあって減少していない. それは,水田用水量のなかで,消費水量以外の水量,すなわち栽培管理用水量と配水管理用水量の占める割合が大きいためと考えられる. 本研究では,農区レベルでの水需要と上記の管理用水量の実態を明らかにするため,特別な水管理が行われる田植,中子し期と普通期に分けて,用排水量を中心とした現地観測を行った. 以下その結果の概要を述べる. （1)調査対象地区の減水深は小さく,実測値は蒸発計蒸発量より若干大きい程度である(Table2). すなわち,蒸発散主導型の水消費が行われている. （2)代かき時には,140～150 mmの用水量を必要とした. （3)田植時に,稚苗機械植えのための強制落水量73 mm(S56)が観測された. (4)中干し時の強制落水量は70mm,中干し終了直後の取水量は4日間に154 mm(S56)であった. 中干し復元用水量の集中は代かき用水量に匹敵する. （5)中干しにともなう浸透量の増加は総量で120～130 mm(S56)に達することがわかった. 浸透速度は取水開始後の経過時間のベキ乗に比例して減少した(Fig. 5). (6)幹線用水路から小用水路への取水量管理が十分でなく,配水管理用水量(小用水路レベル)はかなり大きな値を示した(Figs. 2,3). 無降雨が続くと,配水管理用水率は減少する. 昭和56年8月中旬～下旬の例では,50%前後から10%程度まで減少した(Fig. 3). (7)取水量優先利用,降雨量優先利用という2つの方法で,水田落水量から栽培管理用水量と無効雨量を求めた. 昭和56年の田植期,中干し期,減水深測定時を除く50日間の総量で,水田取水量＋有効雨量に対する栽培管理用水量の割合(栽培管理用水率)は取水量優先利用の方法で33.4%,降雨量優先利用の方法で37.6%になった. すなわち,利用可能水量の約1/3が掛流しもしくは強制落水量となっていることがわかった(Table 4). 水田作付面積が減して余剰水が生じても,投下労働力の減少により管理用水量が増加して,結果として用水量の減少に結びつかないのではなかろうかと推論される。 en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YomotaAtsushi en-aut-sei=Yomota en-aut-mei=Atsushi kn-aut-name=四方田穆 kn-aut-sei=四方田 kn-aut-mei=穆 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiuraTakeshi en-aut-sei=Miura en-aut-mei=Takeshi kn-aut-name=三浦健志 kn-aut-sei=三浦 kn-aut-mei=健志 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 en-keyword=圃場整備水田 kn-keyword=圃場整備水田 en-keyword=水需要構造 kn-keyword=水需要構造 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=6 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=55 end-page=61 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1984 dt-pub=19840131 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=牛床暖房ソーラーシステムの集熱能力について en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=三浦健志 kn-aut-sei=三浦 kn-aut-mei=健志 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=奥島史朗 kn-aut-sei=奥島 kn-aut-mei=史朗 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 END