start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=108
cd-vols=
no-issue=
article-no=
start-page=104508
end-page=
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=2025
dt-pub=202506
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=
kn-title=Introduction to the “Japanese and Western approaches to psychotrauma” symposium
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=Understandings of psychotrauma have changed throughout medical history, shaped by cultural and social factors. Reviewing transcultural perspectives of psychotrauma helps understand its complexities and contextual impacts. This paper summarizes the Japan?Netherlands symposium on psychotrauma held on March 1, 2024. Despite experiencing psychological trauma from World War II and numerous natural disasters, Japan did not actively research post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) for nearly 50 years after the war. The Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake and the Tokyo subway Sarin gas attack (1995) popularized the term PTSD in Japan and triggered related research. The absence of psychotrauma research in Japan may reflect a form of state-level PTSD, characterized by avoidance. Japan’s collectivist culture, stigma against seeking psychological help, view of patience as a virtue, survivor guilt, and moral injury were potential related factors. Additionally, sociocultural factors (e.g., insufficient collective grieving and focusing on post-war reconstruction) were discussed as potential hinderances to discussing war experiences. From a European perspective, we examined how “Konzentrationslager” (KZ) syndrome, a trauma-related disorder, evolved independently into diverse conceptual frameworks, ultimately contributing to the acceptance of PTSD following its introduction in 1980. Beyond state compensation for concentration camp survivors, advocacy by feminist movements and veterans' groups increased awareness of psychotrauma across Europe, fostering scholarly research and public discourse. Both PTSD and KZ syndromes are diagnostic categories shaped by specific historical and cultural contexts and should not be regarded as simple, universally applicable medical conditions. They reflect how trauma is interpreted and responded to differently depending on cultural, political, and historical factors.
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=

en-aut-name=NagamineMasanori
en-aut-sei=Nagamine
en-aut-mei=Masanori
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=

en-aut-name=NakaoTomoyo
en-aut-sei=Nakao
en-aut-mei=Tomoyo
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=2
ORCID=

en-aut-name=van BergenLeo
en-aut-sei=van Bergen
en-aut-mei=Leo
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=3
ORCID=

en-aut-name=ShigemuraJun
en-aut-sei=Shigemura
en-aut-mei=Jun
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=4
ORCID=

en-aut-name=SaitoTaku
en-aut-sei=Saito
en-aut-mei=Taku
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=5
ORCID=

en-aut-name=van der DoesFlorentine H.S.
en-aut-sei=van der Does
en-aut-mei=Florentine H.S.
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=6
ORCID=

en-aut-name=KitanoMasato
en-aut-sei=Kitano
en-aut-mei=Masato
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=7
ORCID=

en-aut-name=GiltayErik J.
en-aut-sei=Giltay
en-aut-mei=Erik J.
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=8
ORCID=

en-aut-name=van der WeeNic J.
en-aut-sei=van der Wee
en-aut-mei=Nic J.
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=9
ORCID=

en-aut-name=VermettenEric
en-aut-sei=Vermetten
en-aut-mei=Eric
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=10
ORCID=

affil-num=1
en-affil=Division of Behavioral Science, National Defense Medical College Research Institute
kn-affil=

affil-num=2
en-affil=Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Okayama University
kn-affil=

affil-num=3
en-affil=Freelance Medical Historian
kn-affil=

affil-num=4
en-affil=Faculty of Health Sciences, Mejiro University
kn-affil=

affil-num=5
en-affil=Division of Behavioral Science, National Defense Medical College Research Institute
kn-affil=

affil-num=6
en-affil=Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC)
kn-affil=

affil-num=7
en-affil=Division of Behavioral Science, National Defense Medical College Research Institute
kn-affil=

affil-num=8
en-affil=Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC)
kn-affil=

affil-num=9
en-affil=Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC)
kn-affil=

affil-num=10
en-affil=Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC)
kn-affil=
en-keyword=Psychotrauma
kn-keyword=Psychotrauma
en-keyword=World War II
kn-keyword=World War II
en-keyword=Japan
kn-keyword=Japan
en-keyword=Europe
kn-keyword=Europe
en-keyword=KZ syndrome
kn-keyword=KZ syndrome
en-keyword=Post-traumatic stress disorder
kn-keyword=Post-traumatic stress disorder
END

start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=24
cd-vols=
no-issue=
article-no=
start-page=33
end-page=48
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=2025
dt-pub=20250115
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=On the Media Coverage of the State Visit to Holland in 2000 ― The Empress’s White Chrysanthemum
kn-title=2000年天皇訪蘭にかんするメディア報道について―「皇后さまと白い菊」―
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=

en-aut-name=NAKAOTomoyo
en-aut-sei=NAKAO
en-aut-mei=Tomoyo
kn-aut-name=中尾知代
kn-aut-sei=中尾
kn-aut-mei=知代
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=

affil-num=1
en-affil=
kn-affil=
END

start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=55
cd-vols=
no-issue=
article-no=
start-page=11
end-page=29
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=2023
dt-pub=20230327
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=Aspects of Genuine Reconciliation of the POW issue―An introduction to a book on the trauma of POWs and their families―
kn-title=連合国軍捕虜問題：真実な和解のための一側面―『戦争トラウマ記憶のオーラルヒストリー：第二次大戦連合軍捕虜とその家族』著作紹介―
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=

en-aut-name=NakaoTomoyo
en-aut-sei=Nakao
en-aut-mei=Tomoyo
kn-aut-name=中尾知代
kn-aut-sei=中尾
kn-aut-mei=知代
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=

affil-num=1
en-affil=
kn-affil=岡山大学学術研究院社会文化科学学域
END

start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=22
cd-vols=
no-issue=
article-no=
start-page=27
end-page=34
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=2022
dt-pub=20221223
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=A Research Report on the Bataan ‘Death’ March
kn-title=「バターン死の行進」研究ノート
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=2022年9月　バターン・コレヒドール防衛者の会記念の会（ADBC-MS）の報告」およびジャック・ブレイディの残した記録のリスト<br>
概要<br>
１．バターン死の行進サバイバー家庭訪問と交流会の記録<br>
２．日本訪問の旅の感想<br>
３．オボン・ソサエティ<br>
４．シアトル見学<br>
５．オーラルヒストリー<br>
６．ジャック・ブレイディの残した記録<br>
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=

en-aut-name=NakaoTomoyo
en-aut-sei=Nakao
en-aut-mei=Tomoyo
kn-aut-name=中尾知代
kn-aut-sei=中尾
kn-aut-mei=知代
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=

affil-num=1
en-affil=
kn-affil=岡山大学大学院社会文化科学研究科准教授
en-keyword=バターン死の行進
kn-keyword=バターン死の行進
en-keyword=連合軍捕虜
kn-keyword=連合軍捕虜
en-keyword=第二次世界大戦
kn-keyword=第二次世界大戦
en-keyword=オーラルヒストリー
kn-keyword=オーラルヒストリー
en-keyword=ADBC―MS
kn-keyword=ADBC―MS
en-keyword=戦争トラウマの継承記憶
kn-keyword=戦争トラウマの継承記憶
END

start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=813
cd-vols=
no-issue=
article-no=
start-page=17
end-page=29
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=
dt-pub=
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=
kn-title=響きあう声 : オーラル・ヒストリーの可能性 : 「事実」確定と歴史文書 : タイメン鉄道におけるコレラ患者‘射殺’事件を例証に 
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=

en-aut-name=NakaoTomoyo
en-aut-sei=Nakao
en-aut-mei=Tomoyo
kn-aut-name=中尾知代
kn-aut-sei=中尾
kn-aut-mei=知代
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=

affil-num=1
en-affil=Okayama University
kn-affil=岡山大学
END

start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=
cd-vols=
no-issue=26
article-no=
start-page=77
end-page=84
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=1999
dt-pub=1999
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=
kn-title=戦争捕虜問題の比較文化的考察：「食」の問題を中心に(下)
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=

en-aut-name=NakaoTomoyo
en-aut-sei=Nakao
en-aut-mei=Tomoyo
kn-aut-name=中尾知代
kn-aut-sei=中尾
kn-aut-mei=知代
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=

affil-num=1
en-affil=Okayama University
kn-affil=岡山大学
END

start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=
cd-vols=
no-issue=23
article-no=
start-page=27
end-page=39
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=1999
dt-pub=1999
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=
kn-title=戦争捕虜問題の比較文化的考察：「食」の問題を中心に(中)
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=

en-aut-name=NakaoTomoyo
en-aut-sei=Nakao
en-aut-mei=Tomoyo
kn-aut-name=中尾知代
kn-aut-sei=中尾
kn-aut-mei=知代
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=

affil-num=1
en-affil=Okayama University
kn-affil=岡山大学
END

start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=
cd-vols=
no-issue=22
article-no=
start-page=
end-page=
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=1998
dt-pub=1998
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=
kn-title=戦争捕虜問題の比較文化的考察：「食」の問題を中心に(上)
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=

en-aut-name=NakaoTomoyo
en-aut-sei=Nakao
en-aut-mei=Tomoyo
kn-aut-name=中尾知代
kn-aut-sei=中尾
kn-aut-mei=知代
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=

affil-num=1
en-affil=Okayama University
kn-affil=岡山大学
END

start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=
cd-vols=
no-issue=4
article-no=
start-page=209
end-page=273
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=2000
dt-pub=200003
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=
kn-title=ヨーロッパを舞う蝶々−英国を中心とした近現代日本イメージの構造(1) : 他者・異文化イメージの表象研究・試論
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=

en-aut-name=NakaoTomoyo
en-aut-sei=Nakao
en-aut-mei=Tomoyo
kn-aut-name=中尾知代
kn-aut-sei=中尾
kn-aut-mei=知代
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=

affil-num=1
en-affil=
kn-affil=岡山大学文学部
END

start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=19
cd-vols=
no-issue=
article-no=
start-page=1
end-page=24
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=2020
dt-pub=20200317
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=Some Thoughts on POWs and Bombs : On the Question of the Necessity of Atomic Bombs for the Survival of Allied Prisoners of War
kn-title=研究ノート（２）捕虜と原爆 : 連合軍捕虜解放と原爆使用の是非
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=

en-aut-name=NakaoTomoyo
en-aut-sei=Nakao
en-aut-mei=Tomoyo
kn-aut-name=中尾知代
kn-aut-sei=中尾
kn-aut-mei=知代
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=

affil-num=1
en-affil=
kn-affil=岡山大学大学院社会文化科学研究科
END

start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=71
cd-vols=
no-issue=
article-no=
start-page=17
end-page=34
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=2019
dt-pub=20190628
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=
kn-title=研究ノート（1）アメリカ合衆国における日本軍による元捕虜・ 抑留者らの戦争体験記憶継承の現状 : アメリカとフィリピン
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=

en-aut-name=NakaoTomoyo
en-aut-sei=Nakao
en-aut-mei=Tomoyo
kn-aut-name=中尾知代
kn-aut-sei=中尾
kn-aut-mei=知代
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=

affil-num=1
en-affil=
kn-affil=岡山大学大学院社会文化科学研究科
END

start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=26
cd-vols=
no-issue=
article-no=
start-page=375
end-page=412
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=1990
dt-pub=1990
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=Revalution of Nelly Dean: Catherine's 'hidden enemy'
kn-title=『嵐が丘』試論その1:ネリー・ディーン再考 ―キャサリンの「隠れた敵」―
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=

en-aut-name=NakaoTomoyo
en-aut-sei=Nakao
en-aut-mei=Tomoyo
kn-aut-name=中尾知代
kn-aut-sei=中尾
kn-aut-mei=知代
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=

affil-num=1
en-affil=
kn-affil=岡山大学
END

start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=264
cd-vols=
no-issue=
article-no=
start-page=
end-page=
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=2008
dt-pub=200808
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=
kn-title=日本人はなぜ謝りつづけるのか　日英〈戦後和解〉の失敗に学ぶ
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=

en-aut-name=NakaoTomoyo
en-aut-sei=Nakao
en-aut-mei=Tomoyo
kn-aut-name=中尾知代
kn-aut-sei=中尾
kn-aut-mei=知代
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=

affil-num=1
en-affil=
kn-affil=岡山大学大学院社会科学研究科
END

start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=35
cd-vols=
no-issue=
article-no=
start-page=139
end-page=154
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=1994
dt-pub=199409
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=On General Education - Thughts on the Scope of University Education -
kn-title=教養課程で教える英語とは何か-大学のあり方を巡る一考察-
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=

en-aut-name=NakaoTomoyo
en-aut-sei=Nakao
en-aut-mei=Tomoyo
kn-aut-name=中尾知代
kn-aut-sei=中尾
kn-aut-mei=知代
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=

affil-num=1
en-affil=
kn-affil=岡山大学
END

start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=57,58,59
cd-vols=
no-issue=
article-no=
start-page=34,82,84
end-page=45,89,97
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=
dt-pub=
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=
kn-title=捕虜問題をめぐる日英「和解」の断層 (上) (中) (下)
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=

en-aut-name=NakaoTomoyo
en-aut-sei=Nakao
en-aut-mei=Tomoyo
kn-aut-name=中尾知代
kn-aut-sei=中尾
kn-aut-mei=知代
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=

affil-num=1
en-affil=
kn-affil=岡山大学
END