start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=20
cd-vols=
no-issue=23
article-no=
start-page=5992
end-page=
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=2019
dt-pub=20191128
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=
kn-title=Comprehensive Identification of PTI Suppressors in Type III Effector Repertoire Reveals that Ralstonia solanacearum Activates Jasmonate Signaling at Two Different Steps
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=Ralstonia solanacearum is the causative agent of bacterial wilt in many plants. To identify R. solanacearum effectors that suppress pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) in plants, we transiently expressed R. solanacearum RS1000 effectors in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves and evaluated their ability to suppress the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) triggered by flg22. Out of the 61 effectors tested, 11 strongly and five moderately suppressed the flg22-triggered ROS burst. Among them, RipE1 shared homology with the Pseudomonas syringae cysteine protease effector HopX1. By yeast two-hybrid screening, we identified jasmonate-ZIM-domain (JAZ) proteins, which are transcriptional repressors of the jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway in plants, as RipE1 interactors. RipE1 promoted the degradation of JAZ repressors and induced the expressions of JA-responsive genes in a cysteine-protease-activity-dependent manner. Simultaneously, RipE1, similarly to the previously identified JA-producing effector RipAL, decreased the expression level of the salicylic acid synthesis gene that is required for the defense responses against R. solanacearum. The undecuple mutant that lacks 11 effectors with a strong PTI suppression activity showed reduced growth of R. solanacearum in Nicotiana plants. These results indicate that R. solanacearum subverts plant PTI responses using multiple effectors and manipulates JA signaling at two different steps to promote infection.
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=

en-aut-name=NakanoMasahito
en-aut-sei=Nakano
en-aut-mei=Masahito
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=

en-aut-name=MukaiharaTakafumi
en-aut-sei=Mukaihara
en-aut-mei=Takafumi
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=2
ORCID=

affil-num=1
en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University
kn-affil=

affil-num=2
en-affil=Research Institute for Biological Sciences, Okayama (RIBS)
kn-affil=
en-keyword=Ralstonia solanacearum
kn-keyword=Ralstonia solanacearum
en-keyword=type III effector
kn-keyword=type III effector
en-keyword=jasmonic acid
kn-keyword=jasmonic acid
en-keyword=salicylic acid
kn-keyword=salicylic acid
en-keyword=Nicotiana plants
kn-keyword=Nicotiana plants
END