start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=73 cd-vols= no-issue=1-3 article-no= start-page=189 end-page=196 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1961 dt-pub=19610330 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Cystathionine in the Brain Tissue Part 3. Influences of L-Cystathionine (In vivo) on the Physiological Function of the Brain kn-title=脳のシスタチオニン 第Ⅲ編 脳機能（in vivo）に及ぼすL-シスタチオニンの影響 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract=The author investigated physiological and pharmacological function of cystathionine that had been detected in the human brain. He studied changes of behavior, respiratory function, blood pressue, electroencephalogram, electroshock threshold and TD(50) of several kinds of drugs after administration of L-cystathionine to mice, rabbits and cats whose brains were perfused through the isolated cerebral circulations. L-cystathionine did not influence the behavior, respiration, blood pressure and electroshock threshold in the experiments with mice and rabbits. On the other hahd, the counteractions of L-cystathionine to the toxic effects of phenobarbital and chlorpromazine were observed in the experiment of TD(50) of such drugs and awaking signes on the EEG of the anaesthetized rabbits after L-cysthionine had been given. No significant effects of it, however, were observed on the EEG of ananaesthetized rabbits or of the cats whose cerebral circulation had been isolated. On the basis of these experiments and preceding reports, the auther assumed as follows, 1) Almost all of the L-cystathionine administered to animals probably was metabolized rappidly to cystine in the liver tissue, and so increased cystine might work to counteract the toxic effects of phenobarbital and other drugs. 2) A little amonnts of L-cystathionine entered into brain through the blood-brain barrier hardly influences on the physiological functions of central nervous system. kn-abstract=L-シスタチオニンを動物に投与してその生理作用を見た.フェノバルビタールその他の薬物に対しシスタチオニンは抗麻酔に働くようであるが,電撃痙攣,非麻酔時脳波には影響しない.これはシスタチオニンが先づ肝でシスチンとなり,しかる後に薬物に解毒的に働らくためと解釈され,直接脳内に侵入したシスタチオニンの中枢作用と考えられるような成績は得られなかつた. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsudaKiyoshi en-aut-sei=Matsuda en-aut-mei=Kiyoshi kn-aut-name=松田清 kn-aut-sei=松田 kn-aut-mei=清 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部神経精神医学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=73 cd-vols= no-issue=1-3 article-no= start-page=183 end-page=187 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1961 dt-pub=19610330 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Cystathionine in the Brain Tissue Part 2. Influences of L-Cystathionine (In vitro) on the Cerebral Tissue Respiration kn-title=脳のシスタチオニン 第Ⅱ編 大脳組織呼吸（in vitro）に及ぼすL-シスタチオニンの影響 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract=The tissue respiration was investigated using slices and homogenates of brain cortex and liver of albino rats in K. R. P. solution with L-cystathionine as substrate. No significant increase of oxygen consumption of brain cortex followed the adding of L-cystathionine to K. R. P. solution, while considerable augmentation of that was found in liver tissue under same condition. And, L-cystathionine could activate the oxygen uptake of brain cortex neither when it was added to medium containing glucose as substrate previously. The results of these experiments suggest, therefore, that the cystathionine found in the human brain is not able to work as one of energy supports of brain like as glutamic acid. kn-abstract=in vitroにおけるラッテの脳及び肝組織呼吸に及ぼすL-シスタチオニンの影響を見た.脳切片及びホモジネートではシスタチオニンはその酸素消費量を殆んど変化せしめず,又,ブドー糖の呼吸率にも見るべき影響を与えない.これに反して肝切片では著明な呼吸率の上昇を認めた. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsudaKiyoshi en-aut-sei=Matsuda en-aut-mei=Kiyoshi kn-aut-name=松田清 kn-aut-sei=松田 kn-aut-mei=清 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部神経精神医学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=73 cd-vols= no-issue=1-3 article-no= start-page=177 end-page=181 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1961 dt-pub=19610330 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Cystathionine in the Brain Tissue Part 1. Enterance of L-Cystathionine into the Brain kn-title=脳のシスタチオニン 第Ⅰ編 L-シスタチオニンの脳内侵入 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract=The distribution of cystathionine in blood, liver and brain was examined paperchromatographically at various intervals up to 6 hours after administration of L-cystathionine to mice. When L-cystathionine was administered subcutaneously (500 mg/kg) to adult male mice, cystathionine disappeared rappidly from the blood, while large amount of it were taken up by the liver. But in the brain tissue, scarcly significant amount or this amino acid was found even after administration of it. On the other hond, when albino rats brain cortex slices were incubated in a medium containing L-cystathionine, cystathionine was not actively accumulated into the brain slices during the periods of more than 1 hour. Results of these experiments suggest that cystathionine can not enter into the brain tissues of any kinds of mammalian animals under physiological conditions, and it is reasonable to assume, therefore, that the cystathionine detected in the human brain has been not absorbed from any other organs but originated in the brain itself. kn-abstract=1)マウスに50mg/kg体重のL-シスタチオニンを皮下注射し,その組織内分布をしらべたが,大部分は肝で分解を受け,少なくとも生理的条件では脳以外のシスタチオニンが血液脳関門を通つて脳に侵入し得る可能性はない.2)脳切片を用いてL-シスタチオニンのactive transportをしらべたが,これが脳に積極的に取り入れられ蓄積される可能性はない.3)脳に入つたL-シスタチオニンはin vivo, In vitro共に殆んど分解されない. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsudaKiyoshi en-aut-sei=Matsuda en-aut-mei=Kiyoshi kn-aut-name=松田清 kn-aut-sei=松田 kn-aut-mei=清 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部神経精神医学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=73 cd-vols= no-issue=1-3 article-no= start-page=173 end-page=175 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1961 dt-pub=19610330 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=A case of double-innervation of the anterior belly of the digastric muscle by the mylohyoid and facial nerves kn-title=顎二腹筋前腹が顎舌骨筋神経と顔面神経の二重支配をうけていた一例 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The anterior belly of the left digastric muscle of a 75 year old woman was found to be innervated both by the mylohyoid nerve, which entered the deep surface, and by a branch of the stylohyoid branch of the facial nerve, which was distributed in the lateral two-thirds of the more superficial half of the muscle belly. The stylohyoid muscle attached to the hyoid bone by two insertions, neither of which, however, passed superficial to the intermediate tendon of the digastric. It may not be quite impossible to regard this anomaly as showing a transitional stage of the innervation change (Futamura 1906), but origin and course of the anomalous nerve does not agree with that of the embryonal stage. It is suggested, that the part of the normal stylohyoid muscle, which lies superficial to the intermediate tendon, would have been fused to the anterior belly. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YoshizakiFumihiko en-aut-sei=Yoshizaki en-aut-mei=Fumihiko kn-aut-name=吉崎文彦 kn-aut-sei=吉崎 kn-aut-mei=文彦 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部解剖学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=73 cd-vols= no-issue=1-3 article-no= start-page=159 end-page=171 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1961 dt-pub=19610330 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Innervation of the sternocleidomastoid muscle of man and the rabbit kn-title=胸鎖乳突筋の神経支配に関する研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The intramuscular distribution of the accessory and the cervical nerves was studied in the human sternocleidomastoid muscle, with special regard to muscle architecture. The innervation of the sternomastoid and cleidomastoid muscles of the rabbit was investigated by electrical stimulation of the nerves and also by persuing degenerative changes in the nerve fibers and motor end-plates following nerve section. 1. The human sternocleidomastoid is composed of four more or less separate portions: the sternomastoid, the sternooccipital, the cleidomastoid and the cleidooccipital. The boundary between the sternomastoid and the sternooccipital portions was determined, differing from that of previous workers, by a fissure, into which the terminal branch of the muscle nerve enters. (Fig. 1). 2. The cleidooccipital portion was entirely lacking in 6 of the 56 muscles examined (10.7 % ). 3. The accessory nerve enters the muscle in two different ways: in 29 of the 66 muscles examined (43.9 % ), it goes through the upper part of the cleidomastoid portion and then anastomoses with the branches of the cervical nerves, which enter laterally to the cleidomastoid (Figs. 2, 3, 5 and 6); in the other 37 muscles (56.1 % ), both the sternocleidomastoid branch of the accessory and the cervical branches enter laterally to the cleidomastoid, anastomosing with each other in their course. (Figs 4 and 7). 4. The branches of the accessory and the cervical nerves are distributed in the human muscle after they have anastomosed with each other and are to a great extent mixed. Therefore, the boundary of their distribution is not to be recognized. This condition agrees with the general view, that the accessory nerve chiefly conveys motor fibers to the muscle and the cervical branches are sensory for the most part. In this respect, the sternocleidomastoid, together with the trapezius, differs greatly from the other double-innervated muscles in the region of the spinal nerves. They are to be regarded as belonging to the same category as other cranial muscles, which receive motor and sensory fibers from separate nerves. 5. The sternomastoid, the medial part of the sternooccipital and the cleidomastoid are estimated to receive more fibers from the accessory, while the lateral part of the sternooccipital and the cleidooccipital are supplied more abundantly with the cervical nerves. Furthermore, it is highly probable, that the lateral part of the cleidooccipital portion is innervated solely by the cervical branches. This suggests that the sternocleidomastoid receives some motor fibers from the cervical nerves. 6. On three sides of two rabbits, the cervical nerves were divided and the pripheral stumps were stimulated electrically. In only one of the cases, a very weak contraction of the cleidomastoid muscle was observed by stimulation of the second cervical nerve. 7. Thirty-six to ninety-six hours after severing the accessory and/or cervical nerves (C(3)-C(4), in most cases), the steronmastoid and cleidomastoid muscles of rabbits were examined by silver-impregnation method of Agduhr. In the rabbits, in which the cervical nerves were sectioned, some degenerated nerve fibers running between the muscle fibers and degenerated motor end-plates were found in both muscles. Thus in the rabbit, also, some fibers of the cervical nerves are demonstrated to be motor in nature. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YoshizakiFumihiko en-aut-sei=Yoshizaki en-aut-mei=Fumihiko kn-aut-name=吉崎文彦 kn-aut-sei=吉崎 kn-aut-mei=文彦 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部解剖学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=73 cd-vols= no-issue=1-3 article-no= start-page=153 end-page=157 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1961 dt-pub=19610330 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Biochemical Studies on Vitamin B(6) Deficient Mouse Brain in Experimental Epilepsy Part 2. A study on free amino acids in the B(6) deficient mouse brain kn-title=実験的てんかん症としてのビタミンB(6)欠乏マウス脳の生化学的研究 第2編 ビタミンB(6)欠乏マウス脳の遊離アミノ酸について en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Using mice with chronic B(6) deficiency induced by B(6) deficient diet and other group of mice with acute B(6) deficiency induced by the intravenous injection of desoxypyridoxine, the author carried out quantitative analysis of free amino acids in the cerebral cortex of these animals, and obtained the following results. 1. In both groups with acute and chronic B(6) deficiency glutamic acid is markedly iucreased, but no significant change can be recognized in the quantity of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). 2. An increase of glycerophoethanolamine and phosphoethanolamine can be recognized in the group with B(6) deficiency. 3. In the group given the intravenous injection of desoxypyridoxine there can be observed an increase in alanine, glycine and valine. 4. Cystathionine is increased in the group with B(6) deficiency. 5. In comparing the results of assay of free amino acids in the B(6) deficient mouse brain with those of idiopathic human epileptic brain, there seems to be no direct connection between human idiopathic epilepsy and B(6) deficiency. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatanoSakae en-aut-sei=Matano en-aut-mei=Sakae kn-aut-name=俣野栄 kn-aut-sei=俣野 kn-aut-mei=栄 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第1（陣内）外科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=73 cd-vols= no-issue=1-3 article-no= start-page=145 end-page=151 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1961 dt-pub=19610330 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Biochemical Studies on Vitamin B(6) Deficient Mouse Brain in Experimental Epilepsy Part 1. The cholinesterase activity, and the contents of Na, K, and water in vitamin B(6) deficient mouse cerebrum kn-title=実験的てんかん症としてのビタミンB(6)欠乏マウス脳の生化学的研究 第1編 ビタミンB(6)欠乏マウス大脳のCholinesterase活性値，Na，K含有量および含水量について en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=With young mice fed on B(6) deficient synthetic food for 30 days the author observed general conditions of these animals and also carried out biochemical studies on their cerebral cortex. Some of them were subjected to intravenous injection of desoxypyridoxine, known to possess competitive action against B(6), and changes in their cerebrum were investigated. The follwing are the results of the present study. 1. In the mice fed on B(6) deficient food the gain in the body weight is inhibited when compared with the control group kept on normal diet. More than one month later these B(6) deficient animals show the falling off of hairs and reddening around their mouth and the coarsening of body hairs. 2. In the mice fed on B(6) deficient food a definite decrease in cholinesterase activity (ChE) can be observed in their cerebral cortex when compared with the control group. In those with experimental epilepsy elicited by the intravenous injection of desoxypyridoxine, a marked diminution of ChE can be recognized. 3. While there can be seen no significant difference in the contents of Na and K in the cerebral cortex of the mice fed on B(6) deficient food when compared with those of the control an increase of Na and a decrease of K can be recognized in those animals with epilepsy induced by the intravenous injection of desoxypyirdoxine. 4. In the micc fed on B(6) deficient food there can also observed an increase in free water of the cerebral cortex. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatanoSakae en-aut-sei=Matano en-aut-mei=Sakae kn-aut-name=俣野栄 kn-aut-sei=俣野 kn-aut-mei=栄 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第1（陣内）外科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=73 cd-vols= no-issue=1-3 article-no= start-page=41 end-page=48 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1961 dt-pub=19610330 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Changes of blood caused by stored blood from patients Part 1. Clinical study on the pathological states of human bodies kn-title=病的生体の血液保存による血液性状の変化に関する研究 第Ⅰ編 病的生体に関する臨床的研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The most adequate screening test to find out the pathological state in stored blood donors was studied. In-patients of pulmonary tuberculosis and other various diseases were examined. The various properties of their blood elements and the organ functions were as follows: 1) Pathological properties were; 37.7% in hippuric acid systhesis, 65.5% in BSP test, 55.3% in zinc sulphate turbidity, 60.3% of γ-Gl quantity, 65.4% in A/G index, 56.7% in serum T-Ch (Total-cholesterin) quantity, 49.5% in total protein content, 63.7% in red corpuscule sedimentation 68.8% in Congored index, 48.1% in Thorn's adrenalin test, 36.4% in respiratory equivalent and 50% in lung power. 2) The examinations, which showed positive results above half, were serum T-Ch quantity, red corpuscle sedimentation, Congored index and lung power test etc. 3) From the results mentioned above, the examination of liver function, serum T-Ch quantity, red corpuscle sedimentation and Congored test etc. are significant to determine pathological states generally. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MinamiTakeshi en-aut-sei=Minami en-aut-mei=Takeshi kn-aut-name=南武 kn-aut-sei=南 kn-aut-mei=武 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一（陣内）外科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=73 cd-vols= no-issue=1-3 article-no= start-page=29 end-page=40 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1961 dt-pub=19610330 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Clinical and Pathological Studies on the Chronicity of Viral Hepatitis 2. Histochemical Studies on the Proliferation of Connective tissue fiber kn-title=Virus性肝炎の慢性化に関する臨床的並びに病理組織学的研究 第2編 肝線維化過程の組織化学的検討 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Histochemical studies of the proliferation of connective tissue fiber of the liver were carried out about 164 liver biopsy specimens who had been diagnosed as having viral hepatitis and post hepatitic livercirrhosis and the following results were obtained: (1). In the early stage of virus hepatitis, argentifile fiber increased remakably within the liver lobule. As the malady advanced, mature and old fiber increased and these were collagenized gradually. (2). The increase of argentifile fiber was not in proportion to the age of patients but to the aggravation of the disease. (3). The patients of chronic progressive hepatitis showed a remarkable increase of argentifile fiber within Glison's capsul while fibrosis around the central vein was visible in the patients of non-progressive hepatitis. (4). In the patients of serum hepatitis, the increase of argentifile fiber and that of mature and old fibers within Glison's capsul were both remarkable and collagenisation was frequently noted in the early stage. (5). The growth of argentifile fiber was due to the necrosis of liver cell, especially to that of the edge. Also, a close relation was discovered between the growth and the transudation of serous fluid in the wall of sinusoid. (6). The growth of collagen fiber was later than that of argentifile fiber and a part of mature and old fibers also turned into collagen fiber. (7). The elastic fiber was lower in the rate of increase than the collagen fiber, and it became spread all over Glison's capsul. The fine elastic fiber began to increase in the early stage of acute hepatitis and as it developed into the chronic stage, the increase of the thick elastic fiber started. The increase of this fiber was especially remarkable among the cases of post hepatitic cirrhosis who had diffuse fibrosis. (8). The application of adrenocortical hormon expedited the absorption of argentifile fiber. The absorption was more stimulated when adrenocortical hormon was applied together with Androstane-17-βo1-3-one, as they had the effect to inhibit fibrosis. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SeitoIchiro en-aut-sei=Seito en-aut-mei=Ichiro kn-aut-name=清藤一郎 kn-aut-sei=清藤 kn-aut-mei=一郎 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一内科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=73 cd-vols= no-issue=1-3 article-no= start-page=13 end-page=28 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1961 dt-pub=19610330 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Clinical and Pathological Studies on the Chronicity of Viral Hepatitis 1. Follow-Up Studies on the Discharged Patients of viral Hepatitis kn-title=Virus性肝炎の慢性化に関する臨床的並びに病理組織学的研究 第1編 退院患者の遠隔成績に関する検討 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Follow up studies were made on the discharged 360 cases of viral hepatitis whom needle liver biopsy had been performed during the past 6 years. (1). According to the histological picture, the cases were divided into the following groups: Acute hepatitis: Chronic hepatitis: Parenchymatous type Progressive chronic hepatitis Non-Progressive chronic hepatitis Pre-cirrhotic type Post-hepatitic cirrhosis: Cholangiolitic hepatitis: This division proved significant for prognostic study as well.(2). The mortality rate of liver cirrhosis was 11.2%. (3). Out of 219 persons who answered their clinical course after discharge, 4 was attacked by cholecystopathy; 4, by appendicitis; 3, by rheumatic arthoritis; and 4, by hemorrhoid, the total being 12.3%. (4). 3.2% of all suffered from jaundice after discharge while onefourth were susceptible to common cold and another one-fourth had gingical bleeding. (5). Only 10.9% of all were free from subjective symptom; 77.0% had fatigability; 44.7 % complained general fatigue and such disorders as headache, distended feeling of epigastrium and right hypochondriral pain followed in that order. Those symptoms were most predominant among the cases of non-progressive chronic hepatitis but were rarely found among those of acute hepatitis and parenchymatous type of chronic hepatitis. There was a tendency that the symptom disappeared gradually with recovery among acute cases while it lasted long among chronic ones. (6). Those who were subjected to precise examination showed the following results: Acute cases: 15.4% remained normal in 1-7 years after discharge. 41.6% complained subjective symptoms only. 34.8% developed into chronic. Chronic cases: 9.2% remained normal. 35.5% complained subjective symptoms only. 44.7% suffered from persistent impairment of liver function tests. Post hepatitic cirrhosis: 3.0% remained normal. 7.4% complained subjective symptoms only. 84.7% suffered from the persistent impairment of liver function tests. (7). 59.6% suffered from hepatomegaly while 12.9%, from splenomegaly. (8). Those who were examined consecutively showed a strong tendency to aggravation in each type. (9). The Stages of aggravation were clarified by the histological findings of the liver of those who were hospitalized for the second time, especially the aggravation to Laennec's cirrhosis. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SeitoIchiro en-aut-sei=Seito en-aut-mei=Ichiro kn-aut-name=清藤一郎 kn-aut-sei=清藤 kn-aut-mei=一郎 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一内科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=73 cd-vols= no-issue=1-3 article-no= start-page=5 end-page=12 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1961 dt-pub=19610330 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Artificial Insemination and the Early Development of the Planeri Lamprey kn-title=スナヤツメの人工受精と初期発生 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Artificial insemination of the planeri lamprey was tried every Spring in the years from 1950 to 1953. In 6 cases of 17 cases many hatched larvae were obtained. On the change of the appearance the early development of the fertilized eggs was observed in each time with the microphotography. In the following the time of the beginning of each developmental stage was shown. The Ist cleavage: 5～5 1/2 hours after insemination The 2nd cleavage: 6 1/2 hours after insemination Tte 8-cell stage; 8 hours after insemination The 16-cell stage; 10 hours after insemination The 32-cell stage: 11 1/2 hours after insemination The 64-cell stage: 13 hours after insemination The Morula-stage: 20 hours after insemination The Blastula-stage: 36 hours after insemination The Gastrula-stage: 58 hours after insemination The Neurula-stage: 4 days after insemination Appearance of the head, Strengthening of the Neck: 6～7 days after insemination Hatching: 8～9 days after insemination Wandering: 2weeks after insemination en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=FujimotoToyoaki en-aut-sei=Fujimoto en-aut-mei=Toyoaki kn-aut-name=藤本十四秋 kn-aut-sei=藤本 kn-aut-mei=十四秋 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakaokaK. en-aut-sei=Takaoka en-aut-mei=K. kn-aut-name=高岡要 kn-aut-sei=高岡 kn-aut-mei=要 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部解剖学教室 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=防衛庁陸上幕僚監部衛生課 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=73 cd-vols= no-issue=1-3 article-no= start-page=1 end-page=4 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1961 dt-pub=19610330 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=A Statistical Study of the Intermediate Intercostal Muscles kn-title=中間肋間筋（Mm. intercostales intermedii）に就いて en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The internal intercostal muscles were divided in the outer layer, the intermediate intercostal muscles, and the inner layer, the (intrinsic) internal intercostal muscles, by the intercostal nerves passed between both layers (P. Eisler 1912). The intermediate intercostal muscles are present in each intercostal space in all cases except in one case which has 13 ribs, but the internal intercostal muscles are absent in the 1st upper intercostal spaces constantly, and are also absent in the upper and the lower intercostal spaces in some cases. The intermediate intercostal muscles in the intercostal spaces extend from the angle of ribs to the sternum. At the situation where the cutaneous lateral branches of the intercostal nerves pierce the lateral wall of the thorax, the internal intercostal muscles in each intercostal space disappear and the intercostal muscles are alone in the intercostal spaces. Therefore, the inside of anterior thorax was occupied not by the internal intercostal muscles, by the intermediate intercostal muscles. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=FujimotoToyoaki en-aut-sei=Fujimoto en-aut-mei=Toyoaki kn-aut-name=藤本十四秋 kn-aut-sei=藤本 kn-aut-mei=十四秋 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部解剖学教室 END