Ischemic preconditioning has been acknowledged as a powerful method of decreasing ischemic injury. However, the antiarrhythmic mechanism of ischemic preconditioning during ischemia is unclear. We studied the effects of ischemic preconditioning on arrhythmias and cardiac electrophysiology during ischemia in Langendorff rat hearts (n = 44). In the non-preconditioned group (PC(-); n = 24), the hearts underwent 5-min zero-flow global ischemia without any prior ischemic preconditioning. In the preconditioned group (PC(+); n = 20), the hearts were preconditioned by three cycles of 3-min zero-flow global ischemia and 5-min reperfusion before undergoing 5-min global ischemia. Ischemic preconditioning reduced the incidence of ischemia-induced arrhythmias (PC(-); 38.9%, PC(+): 8.3%, p < 0.05), shortened monophasic action potential duration (MAPD, P < 0.05), attenuated conduction delay (conduction time; PC(-): 234.2%, PC(+): 173.4%, P < 0.05) and increased the ventricular fibrillation threshold. Although the shortening of MAPD in PC(-) hearts was not influenced by the presence or absence of arrhythmias, conduction time prolongation at 3-min was more obvious in PC(-) hearts with arrhythmia than in PC(-) hearts without arrhythmia (PC(-) with arrhythmia: 220.2%, PC(-) without arrhythmia: 190.7%, P < 0.05). We concluded that ischemic preconditioning could protect the rat hearts from ischemia-induced arrhythmias and postulated that attenuation of conduction delay during ischemia might be an important factor in the antiarrhythmic action of ischemic preconditioning.
en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=HongKui en-aut-sei=Hong en-aut-mei=Kui kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KusanoKengo Fukushima en-aut-sei=Kusano en-aut-mei=Kengo Fukushima kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MoritaHiroshi en-aut-sei=Morita en-aut-mei=Hiroshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=FujimotoYoshihisa en-aut-sei=Fujimoto en-aut-mei=Yoshihisa kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=WangXian en-aut-sei=Wang en-aut-mei=Xian kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamanariHiroshi en-aut-sei=Yamanari en-aut-mei=Hiroshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=OheTohru en-aut-sei=Ohe en-aut-mei=Tohru kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=7 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University en-keyword=preconditioning kn-keyword=preconditioning en-keyword=ischemia kn-keyword=ischemia en-keyword=arrhythmia kn-keyword=arrhythmia END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=53 cd-vols= no-issue=5 article-no= start-page=201 end-page=208 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1999 dt-pub=199910 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Effect of cisplatin on cell death and DNA crosslinking in rat mammary. Adenocarcinoma in vitro. en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The pharmacodynamic effects of cisdiamminedichloroplatinum(II) (CDDP) in vitro have been reported, but the dosage and exposure time in vitro have not been based on clinical observations of the drug's actions in vivo. In this study, the authors attempted to evaluate the pharmacodynamic effects of CDDP in vitro in terms of cell survival and DNA crosslinking by simulating unbound CDDP administration at varying concentrations to a rat mammary adenocarcinoma line (known as line 66). CDDP exposure was conducted by both constant concentration procedures and a simulated in vivo procedure. Colony formation assay for the surviving fraction and alkaline elution assay for DNA crosslink measurement were performed in order to evaluate the pharmacodynamics of CDDP. Cell survival was a function of the area under the drug concentration time curve (AUC) of unbound CDDP (R2 = 0.77, P < 0.002) for all drug exposure procedures as analyzed by the analysis of covariance test. There was a strong correlation between the surviving fraction and the crosslink index of the total amount of DNA crosslinks (R2 = 0.85, P < 0.0005). Both the total amount of DNA-DNA crosslinks and the DNA-protein crosslinks, of which the latter were dominant, were affected not by the exposure procedures, but by the AUC value (P < 0.002). The thresholds of cytocidal effect were 1.59 mg.h/l for the AUC and 0.008 for the crosslink index. The pharmacodynamic effects in vitro by simulated in vivo exposure were identical to those of constant.
en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YamamotoJunko en-aut-sei=Yamamoto en-aut-mei=Junko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyagiYasunari en-aut-sei=Miyagi en-aut-mei=Yasunari kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KawanishiKunihiro en-aut-sei=Kawanishi en-aut-mei=Kunihiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamadaShinako en-aut-sei=Yamada en-aut-mei=Shinako kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyagiYuji en-aut-sei=Miyagi en-aut-mei=Yuji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=KodamaJunichi en-aut-sei=Kodama en-aut-mei=Junichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=YoshinouchiMitsuo en-aut-sei=Yoshinouchi en-aut-mei=Mitsuo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=KudoTakafumi en-aut-sei=Kudo en-aut-mei=Takafumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=7 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=8 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University en-keyword=pharmacodynamics kn-keyword=pharmacodynamics en-keyword=pharmacokinetics kn-keyword=pharmacokinetics en-keyword=simulation kn-keyword=simulation en-keyword=cisplatin kn-keyword=cisplatin en-keyword=crosslink kn-keyword=crosslink END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=53 cd-vols= no-issue=5 article-no= start-page=225 end-page=232 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1999 dt-pub=199910 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Evaluation of liver function parameters by Tc-99m-GSA using multivariate analysis: a study of 47 clinical cases. en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=To investigate the correlation between nuclear medicine parameters determined by technetium-99m-DTPA-galactosyl-human serum albumin (Tc-99m-GSA) and liver function tests, canonical correlation analysis was performed. Tc-99m-GSA studies were performed on 47 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who had undergone transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE). The nuclear medicine parameters LU15, HH15 and LHL15, which are results of nuclear imaging tests, were chosen in combination with the following liver function tests: the serum bilirubin level (T.Bil), the serum albumin level (Alb), serum cholinesterase activity (Ch-E), the clearance rate of indocyanine green (KICG), the hepaplastin test (HPT) and the prothrombin time (PT). The canonical correlation coefficient was 0.7345 and the upper tail probability was 0.00167. A significant correlation was observed between the two sets of variables. The high structural coefficients of Ch-E, KICG and HPT indicated a close relationship with the nuclear medicine parameters, supporting the notion that these nuclear medicine parameters are useful for the estimation of liver damage. The structural coefficients of the nuclear medicine parameters were also high, with LU15 being a parameter as useful as both HH15 and LHL15. T.Bil may evaluate a liver function that is not measured by nuclear imaging techniques, so we should take T.Bil results into account before considering TAE.
en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SuzukiYasunori en-aut-sei=Suzuki en-aut-mei=Yasunori kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KohnoYoshihiro en-aut-sei=Kohno en-aut-mei=Yoshihiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakedaYoshihiro en-aut-sei=Takeda en-aut-mei=Yoshihiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=HirakiYoshio en-aut-sei=Hiraki en-aut-mei=Yoshio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Fukuyama National Hospital affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University en-keyword=Technetium-99m-DTPA-galactosyl-human serum albumin kn-keyword=Technetium-99m-DTPA-galactosyl-human serum albumin en-keyword=hepatocellular carcinoma kn-keyword=hepatocellular carcinoma en-keyword=transcatheter arterial embolization kn-keyword=transcatheter arterial embolization en-keyword=multivariate analysis kn-keyword=multivariate analysis END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=53 cd-vols= no-issue=5 article-no= start-page=217 end-page=223 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1999 dt-pub=199910 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Environmental monitoring and assessment of short-term exposures to hazardous chemicals of a sterilization process in hospital working environments. en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In order to assess short-term exposures to ethylene oxide, formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde in a sterilization process, the authors conducted continuous environmental monitoring of these chemicals in the breathing zone of workers in 2 hospitals. The arithmetic mean of ethylene oxide was 1.2 ppm near unventilated cabinets housing sterilizing materials, and environmental concentrations of ethylene oxide could not be reduced under threshold limit values time weighted average by only managing general ventilation. Environmental concentration of formaldehyde was lower in a properly ventilated pathology division in which no large specimens were stored (0.3 ppm) than in the pathology division where large specimens were stored (2.3 ppm). Although environmental concentrations of glutaraldehyde in an endoscopy unit with proper general ventilation were not detectable, environmental concentration levels in an endoscopy unit without general ventilation system were 0.2 and 0.5 ppm. According to the results of environmental monitoring in the breathing zone of workers, extremely high concentrations were observed in some work practices (ethylene oxide, 300 ppm; formaldehyde, 8.6 ppm; glutaraldehyde, 2.6 ppm). In order to avoid occupational exposures to these chemicals and prevent potential chronic and acute health hazards, good communications with these chemicals, good work practices, appropriate personal protective equipment, and engineering controls should be required.
en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KodaShigeki en-aut-sei=Koda en-aut-mei=Shigeki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KumagaiShinji en-aut-sei=Kumagai en-aut-mei=Shinji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=OharaHiroshi en-aut-sei=Ohara en-aut-mei=Hiroshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Kochi Medical School affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Osaka Prefecture Institute of Public Health affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Kochi Medical School en-keyword=ethylene oxide kn-keyword=ethylene oxide en-keyword=formaldehyde kn-keyword=formaldehyde en-keyword=glutaraldehyde kn-keyword=glutaraldehyde en-keyword=short-term exposure kn-keyword=short-term exposure en-keyword=health care workers kn-keyword=health care workers END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=53 cd-vols= no-issue=5 article-no= start-page=209 end-page=215 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1999 dt-pub=199910 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Evidence that the nitrergic neurotransmitter and endothelium-derived relaxing factor might be S-nitrosothiols in the mouse corpus cavernosum. en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The effects of thimerosal, a sulfhydryl oxidizing agent on nitrergic, endothelium-dependent and -independent relaxations were investigated to examine the possibility that the nitrergic neurotransmitter and endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) could be S-nitrosothiol or free nitric oxide (NO) in the isolated mouse corpus cavernosum. Thimerosal (5 x 10(-6)-2 x 10(-5) M) inhibited or almost abolished electrical field stimulation--(EFS, 30V, 0.5 ms, 15 sec, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 Hz), acetylcholine--(ACh, 5 x 10(-8)-1.25 x 10(-6) M), glyceryl trinitrate--(GTN, 3 x 10(-7)-3 x 10(-6) M), and S-nitrosoglutathione--(GSNO, 5 x 10(-6)-1.25 x 10(-4) M) induced relaxations. Thiomerosal inhibition seems to be specific to L-arginine NO pathways since it had no effect on acidified sodium nitrite--(10(-4)-5 x 10(-4) M), photoactivated sodium nitrite--(2 x 10(-4) M), isoprenaline--(10(-6) M), or papaverine--(10(-4) M) elicited relaxations. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of thimerosal on the nitrergic, ACh- or GTN-induced relaxations were partly reversed by sulfhydryl-containing compounds, L-cysteine (10(-3) M), dithiothreitol (10(-3) M), or glutathione (10(-3) M). However L-methionine (10(-3) M), which contains a methyl group on the sulphur atom, failed to restore the thimerosal inhibition. Thimerosal did not change the contraction produced by 10(-4) M NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester. These findings indicate that the nitrergic neurotransmitter as well as EDRF may not be free NO but NO-transferring molecules, probably S-nitrosothiols, in the mouse corpus cavernosum.
en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=BuyukafsarKansu en-aut-sei=Buyukafsar en-aut-mei=Kansu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=GocmenCemil en-aut-sei=Gocmen en-aut-mei=Cemil kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=SecilmisAta en-aut-sei=Secilmis en-aut-mei=Ata kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=KaratasYusuf en-aut-sei=Karatas en-aut-mei=Yusuf kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=GokturkSinem en-aut-sei=Gokturk en-aut-mei=Sinem kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=KalyoncuNuri Ihsan en-aut-sei=Kalyoncu en-aut-mei=Nuri Ihsan kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Mersin University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Cukurova University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Cukurova University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Cukurova University affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Cukurova University affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=Karadeniz Technical University en-keyword=nitric oxide kn-keyword=nitric oxide en-keyword=endothelium-derived relaxing factor kn-keyword=endothelium-derived relaxing factor en-keyword=nitrergic neurotransmitter kn-keyword=nitrergic neurotransmitter en-keyword=thimerosal kn-keyword=thimerosal en-keyword=corpus cavernosum kn-keyword=corpus cavernosum en-keyword=S-nitrosothiols kn-keyword=S-nitrosothiols END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=53 cd-vols= no-issue=5 article-no= start-page=239 end-page=244 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1999 dt-pub=199910 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Modulatory effect of a serine protease inhibitor on surgical stress: its clinical implications. en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The relationship between endogenous cytokine antagonists and surgical stress is poorly understood. Surgical stress induces immunosuppression, and the reversed therapy of postoperative immunosuppression has been expected. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of a serine protease inhibitor on postoperative immune reactivity. Twenty patients with colorectal cancer were randomly separated into experimental and control groups of 10 patients each. The experimental group received perioperative administration of a serine protease inhibitor while the control group did not. Plasma levels of cytokine antagonists, which suppress cell-mediated immunity, such as cortisol, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) and soluble tumor necrosis factors p55, p75 (sTNF-R55, -R75) were simultaneously measured. Significant reductions of plasma concentration of sIL-2R and sTNF-R55 were observed. Perioperative administration of a serine protease inhibitor may contribute to ameliorating immunosuppression after major surgery.
en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=IwagakiHiromi en-aut-sei=Iwagaki en-aut-mei=Hiromi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=YagiTakahito en-aut-sei=Yagi en-aut-mei=Takahito kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=UrushiharaNaoto en-aut-sei=Urushihara en-aut-mei=Naoto kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=KobashiKenta en-aut-sei=Kobashi en-aut-mei=Kenta kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=MorimotoYoshinori en-aut-sei=Morimoto en-aut-mei=Yoshinori kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=IsozakiHiroshi en-aut-sei=Isozaki en-aut-mei=Hiroshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakakuraNorihisa en-aut-sei=Takakura en-aut-mei=Norihisa kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=TanakaNoriaki en-aut-sei=Tanaka en-aut-mei=Noriaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=7 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=8 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University en-keyword=surgical stress kn-keyword=surgical stress en-keyword=cytokine antagonist kn-keyword=cytokine antagonist en-keyword=protease inhibitor kn-keyword=protease inhibitor END