start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=18 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=415 end-page=428 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2019 dt-pub=20190713 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Identification of endogenous small peptides involved in rice immunity through transcriptomics- and proteomics-based screening en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Small signalling peptides, generated from larger protein precursors, are important components to orchestrate various plant processes such as development and immune responses. However, small signalling peptides involved in plant immunity remain largely unknown. Here, we developed a pipeline using transcriptomics- and proteomics-based screening to identify putative precursors of small signalling peptides: small secreted proteins (SSPs) in rice, induced by rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae and its elicitor, chitin. We identified 236 SSPs including members of two known small signalling peptide families, namely rapid alkalinization factors and phytosulfokines, as well as many other protein families that are known to be involved in immunity, such as proteinase inhibitors and pathogenesis-related protein families. We also isolated 52 unannotated SSPs and among them, we found one gene which we named immune response peptide (IRP) that appeared to encode the precursor of a small signalling peptide regulating rice immunity. In rice suspension cells, the expression of IRP was induced by bacterial peptidoglycan and fungal chitin. Overexpression of IRP enhanced the expression of a defence gene, PAL1 and induced the activation of the MAPKs in rice suspension cells. Moreover, the IRP protein level increased in suspension cell medium after chitin treatment. Collectively, we established a simple and efficient pipeline to discover SSP candidates that probably play important roles in rice immunity and identified 52 unannotated SSPs that may be useful for further elucidation of rice immunity. Our method can be applied to identify SSPs that are involved not only in immunity but also in other plant functions. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=WangPingyu en-aut-sei=Wang en-aut-mei=Pingyu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=YaoShaolun en-aut-sei=Yao en-aut-mei=Shaolun kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KosamiKen-ichi en-aut-sei=Kosami en-aut-mei=Ken-ichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=GuoTing en-aut-sei=Guo en-aut-mei=Ting kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=LiJing en-aut-sei=Li en-aut-mei=Jing kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=ZhangYuanyuan en-aut-sei=Zhang en-aut-mei=Yuanyuan kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=FukaoYoichiro en-aut-sei=Fukao en-aut-mei=Yoichiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=Kaneko-KawanoTakako en-aut-sei=Kaneko-Kawano en-aut-mei=Takako kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=ZhangHeng en-aut-sei=Zhang en-aut-mei=Heng kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=SheYi-Min en-aut-sei=She en-aut-mei=Yi-Min kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=WangPengcheng en-aut-sei=Wang en-aut-mei=Pengcheng kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name=XingWeiman en-aut-sei=Xing en-aut-mei=Weiman kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= en-aut-name=HanadaKousuke en-aut-sei=Hanada en-aut-mei=Kousuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=13 ORCID= en-aut-name=LiuRenyi en-aut-sei=Liu en-aut-mei=Renyi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=14 ORCID= en-aut-name=KawanoYoji en-aut-sei=Kawano en-aut-mei=Yoji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=15 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Bioinformatics, Ritsumeikan University kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=11 en-affil=Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=12 en-affil=Biomolecular Structure and Design, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology kn-affil= affil-num=13 en-affil=Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Kyushu Institute of Technology kn-affil= affil-num=14 en-affil=Center for Agroforestry Mega Data Science and FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University kn-affil= affil-num=15 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=immunity kn-keyword=immunity en-keyword=Magnaporthe oryzae kn-keyword=Magnaporthe oryzae en-keyword=proteomics kn-keyword=proteomics en-keyword=transcriptomics kn-keyword=transcriptomics en-keyword=rice kn-keyword=rice en-keyword=signalling peptide kn-keyword=signalling peptide en-keyword=small secreted protein kn-keyword=small secreted protein END