start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=20 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=2963 end-page=2969 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2019 dt-pub=20190725 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Development of a novel method for visualizing restricted diffusion using subtraction of apparent diffusion coefficient values en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= In order to visualize restricted diffusion, the present study developed a novel method called 'apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) subtraction method (ASM)' and compared it with diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI). The diffusion-weighted images of physiological saline, in addtion to bio-phatoms of low cell density and the highest cell density were obtained using two sequences with different effective diffusion times. Then, the calculated ADC values were subtracted. The mean values and standard deviations (SD) of the ADC values of physiological saline, low cell density and the highest cell density phantoms were 2.95 +/- 0.08x10(-3), 1.90 +/- 0.35x10(-3) and 0.79 +/- 0.05x10(-3) mm(2)/sec, respectively. The mean kurtosis values and SD of DKI were 0.04 +/- 0.01, 0.44 +/- 0.13 and 1.27 +/- 0.03, respectively. The ASM and SD values were 0.25 +/- 0.20x10(4), 0.51 +/- 0.41x10(4) and 4.80 +/- 4.51x10(4) (sec/mm(2))(2), respectively. Using bio-phantoms, the present study demonstrated that DKI exhibits restricted diffusion in the extracellular space. Similarly, ASM may reflect the extent of restricted diffusion in the extracellular space. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YoshimuraYuuki en-aut-sei=Yoshimura en-aut-mei=Yuuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KurodaMasahiro en-aut-sei=Kuroda en-aut-mei=Masahiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=SugiantoIrfan en-aut-sei=Sugianto en-aut-mei=Irfan kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=KhasawnehAbdullah en-aut-sei=Khasawneh en-aut-mei=Abdullah kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=BamgboseBabatunde O. en-aut-sei=Bamgbose en-aut-mei=Babatunde O. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=HamadaKentaro en-aut-sei=Hamada en-aut-mei=Kentaro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=BarhamMajd en-aut-sei=Barham en-aut-mei=Majd kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=TekikiNouha en-aut-sei=Tekiki en-aut-mei=Nouha kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=KurozumiAkira en-aut-sei=Kurozumi en-aut-mei=Akira kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsushitaToshi en-aut-sei=Matsushita en-aut-mei=Toshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=OhnoSeiichiro en-aut-sei=Ohno en-aut-mei=Seiichiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name=KanazawaSusumu en-aut-sei=Kanazawa en-aut-mei=Susumu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= en-aut-name=AsaumiJunichi en-aut-sei=Asaumi en-aut-mei=Junichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=13 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Radiological Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Radiological Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Radiological Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Central Division of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Central Division of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=11 en-affil=Central Division of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=12 en-affil=Department of Radiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=13 en-affil=Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= en-keyword=magnetic resonance imaging kn-keyword=magnetic resonance imaging en-keyword=apparent diffusion coefficient kn-keyword=apparent diffusion coefficient en-keyword=diffusion kurtosis imaging kn-keyword=diffusion kurtosis imaging en-keyword=subtraction kn-keyword=subtraction en-keyword=restricted diffusion kn-keyword=restricted diffusion en-keyword=bio-phantom kn-keyword=bio-phantom en-keyword=cell kn-keyword=cell END