start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=107
cd-vols=
no-issue=5
article-no=
start-page=1021
end-page=1030
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=2019
dt-pub=20190124
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=
kn-title=Biomimetic mineralization using matrix vesicle nanofragments
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract= In vitro synthesis of bone tissue has been paid attention in recent years; however, current methods to fabricate bone tissue are still ineffective due to some remaining gaps in the understanding of real in vivo bone formation process, and application of the knowledge in bone synthesis. Therefore, the objectives of this study were first, to perform a systematic and ultrastructural investigation of the initial mineral formation during intramembranous ossification of mouse calvaria from a material scientists' viewpoint, and to develop novel mineralization methods based on the in vivo findings. First, the very initial mineral deposition was found to occur at embryonic day E14.0 in mouse calvaria. Analysis of the initial bone formation process showed that it involved the following distinct steps: collagen secretion, matrix vesicle (MV) release, MV mineralization, MV rupture, and collagen fiber mineralization. Next, we performed in vitro mineralization experiments using MVs and hydrogel scaffolds. Intact MVs embedded in collagen gel did not mineralize, whereas, interestingly, MV nanofragments obtained by ultrasonication could promote rapid mineralization. These results indicate that mechanically ruptured MV membrane can be a promising material for in vitro bone tissue synthesis. 
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=

en-aut-name=KunitomiYosuke
en-aut-sei=Kunitomi
en-aut-mei=Yosuke
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=

en-aut-name=HaraEmilio Satoshi
en-aut-sei=Hara
en-aut-mei=Emilio Satoshi
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=2
ORCID=

en-aut-name=OkadaMasahiro
en-aut-sei=Okada
en-aut-mei=Masahiro
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=3
ORCID=

en-aut-name=NagaokaNoriyuki
en-aut-sei=Nagaoka
en-aut-mei=Noriyuki
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=4
ORCID=

en-aut-name=KubokiTakuo
en-aut-sei=Kuboki
en-aut-mei=Takuo
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=5
ORCID=

en-aut-name=NakanoTakayoshi
en-aut-sei=Nakano
en-aut-mei=Takayoshi
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=6
ORCID=

en-aut-name=KamiokaHiroshi
en-aut-sei=Kamioka
en-aut-mei=Hiroshi
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=7
ORCID=

en-aut-name=MatsumotoTakuya
en-aut-sei=Matsumoto
en-aut-mei=Takuya
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=8
ORCID=

affil-num=1
en-affil=Department of Biomaterials, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
kn-affil=

affil-num=2
en-affil=Department of Biomaterials, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
kn-affil=

affil-num=3
en-affil=Department of Biomaterials, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
kn-affil=

affil-num=4
en-affil=Advanced Research Center for Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
kn-affil=

affil-num=5
en-affil=Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
kn-affil=

affil-num=6
en-affil=Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University
kn-affil=

affil-num=7
en-affil=Department of Orthodontics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
kn-affil=

affil-num=8
en-affil=Department of Biomaterials, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
kn-affil=
en-keyword=apatite
kn-keyword=apatite
en-keyword=bioinspired mineralization
kn-keyword=bioinspired mineralization
en-keyword=bone
kn-keyword=bone
en-keyword=hydrogel
kn-keyword=hydrogel
en-keyword=matrix vesicle nanofragments
kn-keyword=matrix vesicle nanofragments
END