start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=69
cd-vols=
no-issue=4
article-no=
start-page=633
end-page=639
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=
dt-pub=
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=
kn-title=Novel method for evaluation of anaerobic germination in rice and its application to diverse genetic collections
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=Direct seeding saves time and labour in the cultivation of rice. However, seedling establishment is often unstable, and yields are lower than in transplanting. Anaerobic germination (AG) is a key trait for improvement of direct seeding of rice. We established a simple and reliable method of evaluating AG in rice breeding. We germinated seeds in distilled water or deoxygenated water and measured coleoptile length several days later; compared the results of each method with survival rate in flooded soil; and used the anoxic water method for QTL analysis and for testing cultivars. Coleoptile elongation in anoxic water and survival rate in flooded soil were significantly correlated (r = 0.879, P < 0.01). A significant QTL, likely to be a major gene (AG1), was found in chromosome segment substitution lines and in a backcrossed F2 population derived from tolerant and sensitive lines. Diverse rice genetic resources were classified into tolerant or sensitive accession groups reflecting their ecotypes. Our study revealed that anoxic water evaluation method saves space and time in a stable environment compared with flooded soil evaluation. It is applicable to QTL analysis and isolation of genes underlying anaerobic germination.
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=

en-aut-name=KuyaNoriyuki
en-aut-sei=Kuya
en-aut-mei=Noriyuki
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=

en-aut-name=SunJian
en-aut-sei=Sun
en-aut-mei=Jian
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=2
ORCID=

en-aut-name=IijimaKen
en-aut-sei=Iijima
en-aut-mei=Ken
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=3
ORCID=

en-aut-name=VenuprasadRamaiah
en-aut-sei=Venuprasad
en-aut-mei=Ramaiah
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=4
ORCID=

en-aut-name=YamamotoToshio
en-aut-sei=Yamamoto
en-aut-mei=Toshio
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=5
ORCID=

affil-num=1
en-affil=Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO)
kn-affil=

affil-num=2
en-affil=Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO)
kn-affil=

affil-num=3
en-affil=Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO)
kn-affil=

affil-num=4
en-affil=Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice)
kn-affil=

affil-num=5
en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University
kn-affil=
en-keyword=QTL
kn-keyword=QTL
en-keyword=anaerobic germination
kn-keyword=anaerobic germination
en-keyword=anoxic water
kn-keyword=anoxic water
en-keyword=direct seeding
kn-keyword=direct seeding
en-keyword=genetic resources
kn-keyword=genetic resources
en-keyword=phenotyping method
kn-keyword=phenotyping method
en-keyword=rice
kn-keyword=rice
END