Acta Medica Okayama2001イヌ歯肉線維芽細胞の生物活性に及ぼすブラッシング力と時間の影響ENNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd.Acta Medica Okayama0003-99695682011Effects of exercise training on gingival oxidative stress in obese rats768774ENTetsujiAzumaTakaakiTomofujiYasumasaEndoNaofumiTamakiDaisukeEkuniKoichiroIrieKentaKasuyamaTomoKatoManabuMoritaObjective: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of exercise training on serum reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and gingival oxidative stress in obese rats fed a high-fat diet. Design: Rats were divided into three groups (n = 14/group): one control group (fed a regular diet) and two experimental groups (fed a high-fat diet with and without exercise training [treadmill: 5 days/week]). The rats were sacrificed at 4 or 8 weeks. The level of serum reactive oxidative metabolites (ROM) was measured as an indicator of circulating ROS. The level of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and reduced-form glutathione (GSH)/oxidised-form glutathione (GSSG) ratio were determined to evaluate gingival oxidative stress. Results: The obese rats fed a high-fat diet without exercise training showed higher serum ROM levels [Carratelli Units (CARR U)] (mean +/- SD; 413 +/- 64) than the control (333 +/- 12) at 4 weeks (p = 0.023). Such a condition resulted in higher 8-OHdG levels (ng/mg mtDNA) (0.97 +/- 0.18) (p < 0.05) and a lower GSH/GSSG ratio (17.0 +/- 3.1) (p < 0.05) in gingival tissues, compared to the control (0.55 +/- 0.13 for 8-OHdG and 23.6 +/- 5.8 for GSH/GSSG ratio) at 8 weeks. In addition, the obese rats fed a high-fat diet with exercise training showed lower serum ROM (623 +/- 103) (p<0.001) and gingival 8-OHdG levels (0.69 +/- 0.17) (p = 0.012) than those without exercise training (1105 95 for ROM and 0.55 +/- 0.13 for 8-OHdG) at 8 weeks. Conclusions: Obesity prevention by exercise training may effectively suppress gingival oxidative stress by decreasing serum ROS in rats.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd.Acta Medica Okayama0003-99695612011Occlusal disharmony induces BDNF level in rat submandibular gland3540ENKoichiroIrieDaisukeEkuniTakaakiTomofujiTetsujiAzumaYasumasaEndoKentaKasuyamaManabuMoritaObjectives: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which is produced in rat submandibular gland, is one of the most abundant neurotrophins in the central nervous system. It is generally accepted that occlusal disharmony causes stress. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether occlusal disharmony-induced chronic stress affects BDNF levels and morphology in rat submandibular gland. Design: Eight wks old male Wistar rats (n = 21) were randomly divided into three groups of 7 rats. In a control (C) group, the rats received no treatment for 8 wks. In a molar cusp-less (OD) group, maxillary molar cusps were cut off with a dental turbine at baseline and kept for 8 wks. In a molar cusp-less + recovered cusp (OR) group, maxillary molar cusps were cut off and then were recovered after 4 wks using resin material. After the experimental period, expression of BDNF mRNA and protein as well as histological findings were evaluated in the submandibular glands. The comparisons between the groups were made using the Mann-Whitney U test with Bonferroni correction. Results: The OD group showed a significant increase in submandibular gland BDNF mRNA and protein expression after 8 wks, and plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosterone levels increased in a time-dependent manner. There were no significant differences in BDNF expression in the submandibular glands and in levels of plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosterone between the OR and C groups. Conclusions: These results indicate that psychological stress induced by occlusal disharmony reversibly induces BDNF expression in the rat submandibular gland.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Wiley-BlackwellActa Medica Okayama0303-69794012013Preventive effects of trehalose on osteoclast differentiation in rat periodontitis model3340ENYasumasaEndoTakaakiTomofujiDaisukeEkuniTetsujiAzumaKoichiroIrieKentaKasuyamaManabuMoritaAim Trehalose, which is a disaccharide formed by a 1,1 linkage of two glucose molecules, was suggested to have a suppressive effect on bone resorption. In this study, we examined the effects of topical application of trehalose on osteoclast differentiation in a rat periodontitis model.
Material and Methods Rats were divided into four groups. One group received no treatment. In the other groups, experimental periodontitis was induced by ligature placement. These rats with experimental periodontitis received topical application of pure water (vehicle group), 30 mg/ml trehalose solution (30 mg/ml trehalose group) or 60 mg/ml trehalose solution (60 mg/ml trehalose group) to the gingival sulcus respectively.
Results The vehicle group showed higher numbers of polymorphonuclear leucocytes, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL)-positive cells and osteoclasts compared with the no treatment group respectively. Trehalose-applied groups exhibited lower numbers of these cells compared with the vehicle group. Gene expressions of tumour necrosis factor-a, RANKL and toll-like receptor 4 were suppressed by trehalose. In addition, protein expressions of RANKL inducing pathway were less activated by trehalose.
Conclusion Topical application of trehalose could suppress osteoclast differentiation by inactivation of RANKL inducing pathway in the rat periodontitis model.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Wiley-BlackwellActa Medica Okayama1386-634643102013Serum oxidative-anti-oxidative stress balance is dysregulated in patients with hepatitis C virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma10781092ENMamoruNishimuraAkinobuTakakiNaofumiTamakiTakayukiMaruyamaHidekiOnishiSayoKobayashiKazuhiroNousoTetsuyaYasunakaKazukoKoikeHiroakiHagiharaKenjiKuwakiShinichiroNakamuraFusaoIkedaYoshiakiIwasakiTakaakiTomofujiManabuMoritaKazuhideYamamotoAim
Oxidative stress is associated with progression of chronic liver disease (CLD). This association is best established in chronic hepatitis C. However, the anti-oxidative state is not well characterized. The objective of the present study was to investigate the balance of oxidative and anti-oxidative stress in CLD patients.
Methods
We recruited a study population of 208 patients, including healthy volunteers (HV; n = 15), patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related CLD without or with hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-non-HCC, n = 25, and HBV-HCC, n = 50, respectively), and patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related CLD without or with HCC (HCV-non-HCC, n = 49, and HCV-HCC, n = 69, respectively). Serum levels of reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) and anti-oxidative markers (OXY-adsorbent test; OXY) were determined, and the balance of these values was used as the oxidative index. Correlations among ROM, OXY, oxidative index and clinical characteristics were investigated.
Results
Patients with CLD exhibited elevated ROM and oxidative index compared to HV. Among patients with CLD, HCV positive status correlated with increased ROM. In CLD, HCV-HCC patients exhibited the highest ROM levels. Among HCV-related CLD patients, lower OXY correlated with HCC positive status, but was recovered by eradication of HCC. In HCV-HCC, lower OXY correlated with high PT-INR.
Conclusion
HCV positive CLD patients displayed higher oxidative stress and HCV-HCC patients displayed lower anti-oxidative state. Anti-oxidative state depression was associated with liver reservoir-related data in HCV-HCC and could be reversed with HCC eradication.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Acta Medica Okayama2045-232242014Effects of hydrogen-rich water on aging periodontal tissues in ratsENTakaakiTomofujiYuyaKawabataKentaKasuyamaYasumasaEndoToshikiYonedaMayuYamaneTetsujiAzumaDaisukeEkuniManabuMoritaOxidative damage is involved in age-related inflammatory reactions. The anti-oxidative effects of hydrogen-rich water suppress oxidative damage, which may aid in inhibiting age-related inflammatory reactions. We investigated the effects of drinking hydrogen-rich water on aging periodontal tissues in healthy rats. Four-month-old male Fischer 344 rats (n = 12) were divided into two groups: the experimental group (hydrogen-rich water treatment) and the control group (distilled water treatment). The rats consumed hydrogen-rich water or distilled water until 16 months of age. The experimental group exhibited lower periodontal oxidative damage at 16 months of age than the control group. Although protein expression of interleukin-1 beta did not differ, gene expression of Nod-like receptor protein 3 inflammasomes was activated in periodontal tissues from the experimental group as compared with the control group. Drinking hydrogen-rich water is proposed to have anti-aging effects on periodontal oxidative damage, but not on inflammatory reactions in healthy rats.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Wiley-BlackwellActa Medica Okayama0303-69793992012Effects of self-efficacy on oral health behaviours and gingival health in university students aged 18- or 19-years-old844849ENShinsukeMizutaniDaisukeEkuniMichikoFurutaTakaakiTomofujiKoichiroIrieTetsujiAzumaAzusaKojimaJunNagaseYoshiakiIwasakiManabuMoritaAim Although self-efficacy is known to affect various health-related practises, few studies have clearly examined how self-efficacy correlates with oral health behaviors or the oral health condition. We examined the relationship between gingivitis, oral health behaviors and self-efficacy in university students. Material & Methods A total of 2,111 students (1,197 males, 914 females) aged 18 and 19 years were examined. The degree of gingivitis was expressed as the percentage of bleeding on probing (%BOP). Additional information was collected via a questionnaire regarding oral health behaviors (daily frequency of tooth-brushing, use of dental floss and regular check-up). Self-efficacy was assessed using the Self-Efficacy Scale for Self-care (SESS). Path analysis was used to test pathways from self-efficacy to oral health behaviors and %BOP. Results In the final structural model, self-efficacies were related to each other, and they affected oral health behaviors. Good oral health behaviors reduced dental plaque and calculus, and lower levels of dental plaque and calculus resulted in lower %BOP. Conclusion Higher self-efficacy correlated with better oral health behaviours and gingival health in university students. Improving self-efficacy may be beneficial for maintaining good gingival health in university students. To prevent gingivitis, the approach of enhancing self-efficacy in university students would be useful.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.