The effects of age, task difficulty on performance and mental workload were discussed in order to provide design guideline of automobile display that is friendly to older adults from the viewpoints of mental attention, speed and accuracy. A dual-task experiment was conducted in which the
primary task was first order tracking. The secondary
tasks included selection of function (easy condition),
and control of an air conditioner, the operation of a
radio, and the operation of a CD/MD (difficult condition), by means of a steering wheel mounted switch. The display was arranged in front of a participant. Age affected the performance measures and heart rate variability (HRV). As for the young adults, the task completion time did not differ significantly among easy and difficult (one-, two-, and three-layered) conditions. The performance of older
adults was affected by task difficulty. The HRV
measures such as CV (coefficient of variance) and
RRV8-3 during the task showed different tendency
between young and older adults. As for the young
group, the HRV measures did not differ significantly
between the four task levels (easy, one-, two-, and
three-layered). This confirmed that the task difficulty
did not induce different mental workload to young
adults. On the other hand, as for the older adults, the
HRV measures tended to increase with the increase of
task difficulty. Although it appears that mental
workload was lessened with the increase of task
difficulty, such an interpretation was contradictory to
the results on performance. This phenomenon was
interpreted that the difficult task condition was
overloaded for older adults, and was beyond the limit
of mental effort. Based on the results, it could be
concluded that the difficult task condition is not
proper for older adults.